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The era of dictatorship is highly disturbing chapter in the history of Western civilization. The key development was not simply the resurgence of dictatorship but the rise of a new kind of tyranny -- the modern totalitarian state . modern totalitarianism reached its fullest realization in Communist Russia and Nazi Germany in the 1930. Stalin and Hitler mobilized their peoples for enormous undertakings and ruled with unprecedented severity

Today we want to believe that the era of totalitarian dictatorship was a terrible accident, that Stalin’s slave labor camps and Hitler’s gas chambers “can’t happen again.” But one cannot be sure: it was all very recent and very powerful. . . . . Page 926