Martin M. Miles' photos with the keyword: Olsztyn

From 1230 to 1283 the Teutonic Order conquered the entire territory of the Slavic Prussians. In 1243 the bishop of Warmia received 1/3 of the territory of his diocese for his maintenance. The town was founded in 1353 under the name of Allensteyn by the chapter of the cathedral of Warmia on its territory. At that time, the castle was already under construction. In 1454 the town joined the Prussian Confederation against the Teutonic Order. The townspeople captured the castle and recognized the sovereignty of the Polish king, but a year later the town was reconquered by the Teutonic Order. During the war the town was in flames several times. By the peace treaty in 1466, Olsztyn and the entire Duchy of Warmia came under Polish sovereignty. For centuries the city was an important centre of trade, crafts, science and administration in the Warmia region. The "Zamek Kapituły Warmińskiej" ("Castle of Warmian Cathedral Chapter") was erected between 1346 and 1353. The south-east wing of the castle was built in the 15th century. The 40-meter tower dating back to the 14th century was placed in the eastern corner of the courtyard. In the 16th century the castle's fortifications were raised to 12 meters in height. This made the castle a major bastion located on the borders of Olsztyn. The castle belonged to the chapter of Diocese of Warmia, which until 1454 was protected by the Teutonic Order. In the years of 1516 to 1521, the administrator of the castle was Nicolaus Copernicus. Over time, the castle's importance diminished. In 1758, a direct entrance from Olsztyn was built, and a palace wing was built; the expansion meant that many of the fortifications were deconstructed. The "Museum of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship" had a nice exhibition on wooden "folk sculptures" from wayside shrines in Warmia.

From 1230 to 1283 the Teutonic Order conquered the entire territory of the Slavic Prussians. In 1243 the bishop of Warmia received 1/3 of the territory of his diocese for his maintenance. The town was founded in 1353 under the name of Allensteyn by the chapter of the cathedral of Warmia on its territory. At that time, the castle was already under construction. In 1454 the town joined the Prussian Confederation against the Teutonic Order. The townspeople captured the castle and recognized the sovereignty of the Polish king, but a year later the town was reconquered by the Teutonic Order. During the war the town was in flames several times. By the peace treaty in 1466, Olsztyn and the entire Duchy of Warmia came under Polish sovereignty. For centuries the city was an important centre of trade, crafts, science and administration in the Warmia region. The "Zamek Kapituły Warmińskiej" ("Castle of Warmian Cathedral Chapter") was erected between 1346 and 1353. The south-east wing of the castle was built in the 15th century. The 40-meter tower dating back to the 14th century was placed in the eastern corner of the courtyard. In the 16th century the castle's fortifications were raised to 12 meters in height. This made the castle a major bastion located on the borders of Olsztyn. The castle belonged to the chapter of Diocese of Warmia, which until 1454 was protected by the Teutonic Order. In the years of 1516 to 1521, the administrator of the castle was Nicolaus Copernicus. Over time, the castle's importance diminished. In 1758, a direct entrance from Olsztyn was built, and a palace wing was built; the expansion meant that many of the fortifications were deconstructed. The "Museum of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship" had a nice exhibition on wooden "folk sculptures" from wayside shrines in Warmia.

From 1230 to 1283 the Teutonic Order conquered the entire territory of the Slavic Prussians. In 1243 the bishop of Warmia received 1/3 of the territory of his diocese for his maintenance. The town was founded in 1353 under the name of Allensteyn by the chapter of the cathedral of Warmia on its territory. At that time, the castle was already under construction. In 1454 the town joined the Prussian Confederation against the Teutonic Order. The townspeople captured the castle and recognized the sovereignty of the Polish king, but a year later the town was reconquered by the Teutonic Order. During the war the town was in flames several times. By the peace treaty in 1466, Olsztyn and the entire Duchy of Warmia came under Polish sovereignty. For centuries the city was an important centre of trade, crafts, science and administration in the Warmia region. The "Zamek Kapituły Warmińskiej" ("Castle of Warmian Cathedral Chapter") was erected between 1346 and 1353. The south-east wing of the castle was built in the 15th century. The 40-meter tower dating back to the 14th century was placed in the eastern corner of the courtyard. In the 16th century the castle's fortifications were raised to 12 meters in height. This made the castle a major bastion located on the borders of Olsztyn. The castle belonged to the chapter of Diocese of Warmia, which until 1454 was protected by the Teutonic Order. In the years of 1516 to 1521, the administrator of the castle was Nicolaus Copernicus. Over time, the castle's importance diminished. In 1758, a direct entrance from Olsztyn was built, and a palace wing was built; the expansion meant that many of the fortifications were deconstructed. The refectory has a diamond vault built around 1520.

From 1230 to 1283 the Teutonic Order conquered the entire territory of the Slavic Prussians. In 1243 the bishop of Warmia received 1/3 of the territory of his diocese for his maintenance. The town was founded in 1353 under the name of Allensteyn by the chapter of the cathedral of Warmia on its territory. At that time, the castle was already under construction. In 1454 the town joined the Prussian Confederation against the Teutonic Order. The townspeople captured the castle and recognized the sovereignty of the Polish king, but a year later the town was reconquered by the Teutonic Order. During the war the town was in flames several times. By the peace treaty in 1466, Olsztyn and the entire Duchy of Warmia came under Polish sovereignty. For centuries the city was an important centre of trade, crafts, science and administration in the Warmia region. The "Zamek Kapituły Warmińskiej" ("Castle of Warmian Cathedral Chapter") was erected between 1346 and 1353. The south-east wing of the castle was built in the 15th century. The 40-meter tower dating back to the 14th century was placed in the eastern corner of the courtyard. In the 16th century the castle's fortifications were raised to 12 meters in height. This made the castle a major bastion located on the borders of Olsztyn. The castle belonged to the chapter of Diocese of Warmia, which until 1454 was protected by the Teutonic Order. In the years of 1516 to 1521, the administrator of the castle was Nicolaus Copernicus. Over time, the castle's importance diminished. In 1758, a direct entrance from Olsztyn was built, and a palace wing was built; the expansion meant that many of the fortifications were deconstructed. Nicolaus Copernicus lived in the north-east wing of the castle, in a large chamber with three windows. One door led to the gallery and another to the official chamber. In the gallery are still traces of the astronomical plaques he once carved into the plaster.

From 1230 to 1283 the Teutonic Order conquered the entire territory of the Slavic Prussians. In 1243 the bishop of Warmia received 1/3 of the territory of his diocese for his maintenance. The town was founded in 1353 under the name of Allensteyn by the chapter of the cathedral of Warmia on its territory. At that time, the castle was already under construction. In 1454 the town joined the Prussian Confederation against the Teutonic Order. The townspeople captured the castle and recognized the sovereignty of the Polish king, but a year later the town was reconquered by the Teutonic Order. During the war the town was in flames several times. By the peace treaty in 1466, Olsztyn and the entire Duchy of Warmia came under Polish sovereignty. For centuries the city was an important centre of trade, crafts, science and administration in the Warmia region. The "Zamek Kapituły Warmińskiej" ("Castle of Warmian Cathedral Chapter") was erected between 1346 and 1353. The south-east wing of the castle was built in the 15th century. The 40-meter tower dating back to the 14th century was placed in the eastern corner of the courtyard. In the 16th century the castle's fortifications were raised to 12 meters in height. This made the castle a major bastion located on the borders of Olsztyn. The castle belonged to the chapter of Diocese of Warmia, which until 1454 was protected by the Teutonic Order. In the years of 1516 to 1521, the administrator of the castle was Nicolaus Copernicus. Over time, the castle's importance diminished. In 1758, a direct entrance from Olsztyn was built, and a palace wing was built; the expansion meant that many of the fortifications were deconstructed. Currently, the castle houses the Museum of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.

From 1230 to 1283 the Teutonic Order conquered the entire territory of the Slavic Prussians. In 1243 the bishop of Warmia received 1/3 of the territory of his diocese for his maintenance. The town was founded in 1353 under the name of Allensteyn by the chapter of the cathedral of Warmia on its territory. At that time, the castle was already under construction. In 1454 the town joined the Prussian Confederation against the Teutonic Order. The townspeople captured the castle and recognized the sovereignty of the Polish king, but a year later the town was reconquered by the Teutonic Order. During the war the town was in flames several times. By the peace treaty in 1466, Olsztyn and the entire Duchy of Warmia came under Polish sovereignty. For centuries the city was an important centre of trade, crafts, science and administration in the Warmia region. The "Zamek Kapituły Warmińskiej" ("Castle of Warmian Cathedral Chapter") was erected between 1346 and 1353. The south-east wing of the castle was built in the 15th century. The 40-meter tower dating back to the 14th century was placed in the eastern corner of the courtyard. In the 16th century the castle's fortifications were raised to 12 meters in height. This made the castle a major bastion located on the borders of Olsztyn. The castle belonged to the chapter of Diocese of Warmia, which until 1454 was protected by the Teutonic Order. In the years of 1516 to 1521, the administrator of the castle was Nicolaus Copernicus. Over time, the castle's importance diminished. In 1758, a direct entrance from Olsztyn was built, and a palace wing was built; the expansion meant that many of the fortifications were deconstructed. Currently, the castle houses the Museum of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.

From 1230 to 1283 the Teutonic Order conquered the entire territory of the Slavic Prussians. In 1243 the bishop of Warmia received 1/3 of the territory of his diocese for his maintenance. The town was founded in 1353 under the name of Allensteyn by the chapter of the cathedral of Warmia on its territory. At that time, the castle was already under construction. In 1454 the town joined the Prussian Confederation against the Teutonic Order. The townspeople captured the castle and recognized the sovereignty of the Polish king, but a year later the town was reconquered by the Teutonic Order. During the war the town was in flames several times. By the peace treaty in 1466, Olsztyn and the entire Duchy of Warmia came under Polish sovereignty. For centuries the city was an important centre of trade, crafts, science and administration in the Warmia region. Nicolaus Copernicus (1473 - 1543) was a canon of the prince-bishopric of Warmia as well as an astronomer and physician who also devoted himself to mathematics and cartography. In his main work "De revolutionibus orbium coelestium" of 1543, he describes a heliocentric view of the world, according to which the Earth is a planet, rotates on its own axis and also moves around the Sun like the other planets. The reception of the work led to the "Copernican turn", which in science is one of the caesuras marking the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern era. Nicolaus Copernicus resided from 1516 to 1521 in the Zamek Kapituły Warmińskiej (Olsztyn Castle).

From 1230 to 1283 the Teutonic Order conquered the entire territory of the Slavic Prussians. In 1243 the bishop of Warmia received 1/3 of the territory of his diocese for his maintenance. The town was founded in 1353 under the name of Allensteyn by the chapter of the cathedral of Warmia on its territory. At that time, the castle was already under construction. In 1454 the town joined the Prussian Confederation against the Teutonic Order. The townspeople captured the castle and recognized the sovereignty of the Polish king, but a year later the town was reconquered by the Teutonic Order. During the war the town was in flames several times. By the peace treaty in 1466, Olsztyn and the entire Duchy of Warmia came under Polish sovereignty. For centuries the city was an important centre of trade, crafts, science and administration in the Warmia region. The first church was probably built in the brick Gothic style between 1370 and 1380 after Allenstein had received its town charter in 1352. In 1596, the old church tower was replaced by a new one (63m high). In 1807, during the Napoleonic Wars, the French imprisoned 1500 Russian and Prussian prisoners inside, who resisted heavy frost by using the furniture as firewood. In 1864 church was in danger of collapse and had to be closed. It was put into use after a general renovation in 1866 - 1868. In 1972, the church became con cathedral and in 1991 it was visited by Pope John Paul II, who elevated the church to basilica minor in 2004. The late Gothic triptych was created at the beginning of the 16th century. The Virgin is flanked by St. Catherine and (probably) Canute VI of Denmark. The figures of the Twelve Apostles are placed in the side wings. The altar was not part of the original furnishings and came to Olsztyn in the early 1950s

From 1230 to 1283 the Teutonic Order conquered the entire territory of the Slavic Prussians. In 1243 the bishop of Warmia received 1/3 of the territory of his diocese for his maintenance. The town was founded in 1353 under the name of Allensteyn by the chapter of the cathedral of Warmia on its territory. At that time, the castle was already under construction. In 1454 the town joined the Prussian Confederation against the Teutonic Order. The townspeople captured the castle and recognized the sovereignty of the Polish king, but a year later the town was reconquered by the Teutonic Order. During the war the town was in flames several times. By the peace treaty in 1466, Olsztyn and the entire Duchy of Warmia came under Polish sovereignty. For centuries the city was an important centre of trade, crafts, science and administration in the Warmia region. The first church was probably built in the brick Gothic style between 1370 and 1380 after Allenstein had received its town charter in 1352. In 1596, the old church tower was replaced by a new one (63m high). In 1807, during the Napoleonic Wars, the French imprisoned 1500 Russian and Prussian prisoners inside, who resisted heavy frost by using the furniture as firewood. In 1864 church was in danger of collapse and had to be closed. It was put into use after a general renovation in 1866 - 1868. In 1972, the church became con cathedral and in 1991 it was visited by Pope John Paul II, who elevated the church to basilica minor in 2004. An elegant chandelier

From 1230 to 1283 the Teutonic Order conquered the entire territory of the Slavic Prussians. In 1243 the bishop of Warmia received 1/3 of the territory of his diocese for his maintenance. The town was founded in 1353 under the name of Allensteyn by the chapter of the cathedral of Warmia on its territory. At that time, the castle was already under construction. In 1454 the town joined the Prussian Confederation against the Teutonic Order. The townspeople captured the castle and recognized the sovereignty of the Polish king, but a year later the town was reconquered by the Teutonic Order. During the war the town was in flames several times. By the peace treaty in 1466, Olsztyn and the entire Duchy of Warmia came under Polish sovereignty. For centuries the city was an important centre of trade, crafts, science and administration in the Warmia region. The first church was probably built in the brick Gothic style between 1370 and 1380 after Allenstein had received its town charter in 1352. In 1596, the old church tower was replaced by a new one (63m high). In 1807, during the Napoleonic Wars, the French imprisoned 1500 Russian and Prussian prisoners inside, who resisted heavy frost by using the furniture as firewood. In 1864 church was in danger of collapse and had to be closed. It was put into use after a general renovation in 1866 - 1868. In 1972, the church became con cathedral and in 1991 it was visited by Pope John Paul II, who elevated the church to basilica minor in 2004.

From 1230 to 1283 the Teutonic Order conquered the entire territory of the Slavic Prussians. In 1243 the bishop of Warmia received 1/3 of the territory of his diocese for his maintenance. The town was founded in 1353 under the name of Allensteyn by the chapter of the cathedral of Warmia on its territory. At that time, the castle was already under construction. In 1454 the town joined the Prussian Confederation against the Teutonic Order. The townspeople captured the castle and recognized the sovereignty of the Polish king, but a year later the town was reconquered by the Teutonic Order. During the war the town was in flames several times. By the peace treaty in 1466, Olsztyn and the entire Duchy of Warmia came under Polish sovereignty. For centuries the city was an important centre of trade, crafts, science and administration in the Warmia region. The first church was probably built in the brick Gothic style between 1370 and 1380 after Allenstein had received its town charter in 1352. In 1596, the old church tower was replaced by a new one (63m high). In 1807, during the Napoleonic Wars, the French imprisoned 1500 Russian and Prussian prisoners inside, who resisted heavy frost by using the furniture as firewood. In 1864 church was in danger of collapse and had to be closed. It was put into use after a general renovation in 1866 - 1868. In 1972, the church became con cathedral and in 1991 it was visited by Pope John Paul II, who elevated the church to basilica minor in 2004.

From 1230 to 1283 the Teutonic Order conquered the entire territory of the Slavic Prussians. In 1243 the bishop of Warmia received 1/3 of the territory of his diocese for his maintenance. The town was founded in 1353 under the name of Allensteyn by the chapter of the cathedral of Warmia on its territory. At that time, the castle was already under construction. In 1454 the town joined the Prussian Confederation against the Teutonic Order. The townspeople captured the castle and recognized the sovereignty of the Polish king, but a year later the town was reconquered by the Teutonic Order. During the war the town was in flames several times. By the peace treaty in 1466, Olsztyn and the entire Duchy of Warmia came under Polish sovereignty. For centuries the city was an important centre of trade, crafts, science and administration in the Warmia region. The Brama GórnaIt (Upper Gate, Hohes Tor) is one of the once three gates that were in the city's defensive walls. Remains of the walls are also preserved from the medieval fortifications. The Brama GórnaIt was built after 1378. The reconstruction of the gate in its present form took place at the end of the 15th century after the Thirteen Years' War (1454-1466) and the Papal War (1478).

Olsztyn - Szlak Św. Jakuba From 1230 to 1283 the Teutonic Order conquered the entire territory of the Slavic Prussians. In 1243 the bishop of Warmia received 1/3 of the territory of his diocese for his maintenance. The town was founded in 1353 under the name of Allensteyn by the chapter of the cathedral of Warmia on its territory. At that time, the castle was already under construction. In 1454 the town joined the Prussian Confederation against the Teutonic Order. The townspeople captured the castle and recognized the sovereignty of the Polish king, but a year later the town was reconquered by the Teutonic Order. During the war the town was in flames several times. By the peace treaty in 1466, Olsztyn and the entire Duchy of Warmia came under Polish sovereignty. For centuries the city was an important centre of trade, crafts, science and administration in the Warmia region. Ultreia! www.szlakjakuba.com/

From 1230 to 1283 the Teutonic Order conquered the entire territory of the Slavic Prussians. In 1243 the bishop of Warmia received 1/3 of the territory of his diocese for his maintenance. The town was founded in 1353 under the name of Allensteyn by the chapter of the cathedral of Warmia on its territory. At that time, the castle was already under construction. In 1454 the town joined the Prussian Confederation against the Teutonic Order. The townspeople captured the castle and recognized the sovereignty of the Polish king, but a year later the town was reconquered by the Teutonic Order. During the war the town was in flames several times. By the peace treaty in 1466, Olsztyn and the entire Duchy of Warmia came under Polish sovereignty. For centuries the city was an important centre of trade, crafts, science and administration in the Warmia region. Crossing the market. The tower of the "Bazylika konkatedralna św. Jakuba" (Concathedral Basilica of St James) is seen in the backdrop.

From 1230 to 1283 the Teutonic Order conquered the entire territory of the Slavic Prussians. In 1243 the bishop of Warmia received 1/3 of the territory of his diocese for his maintenance. The town was founded in 1353 under the name of Allensteyn by the chapter of the cathedral of Warmia on its territory. At that time, the castle was already under construction. In 1454 the town joined the Prussian Confederation against the Teutonic Order. The townspeople captured the castle and recognized the sovereignty of the Polish king, but a year later the town was reconquered by the Teutonic Order. During the war the town was in flames several times. By the peace treaty in 1466, Olsztyn and the entire Duchy of Warmia came under Polish sovereignty. For centuries the city was an important centre of trade, crafts, science and administration in the Warmia region. The "Stary Ratusz" (Old Town Hall) is originally a late Gothic building, which was rebuilt in the Baroque style. At the end of WWII, the building burned down and was rebuilt in 1946 - 1949.