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as The Miller in "Rusalka" by Dargomyzhsky FEODOR IVANOVICH CHALIAPIN (February 13 ,1873 – April 12, 1938) Russian Bass Largely self-taught, he began his career at Tbilisi and the Imperial Opera, St. Petersburg in 1894. He was then invited to sing at the Mamontov Private Opera (1896–1899); his first role there was as Mephistopheles in Gounod's Faust, At Mamontov he also met Sergei Rachmaninoff, who was serving as an assistant conductor there and with whom he remained friends for life. Rachmaninoff taught him much about musicianship, including how to analyze a music score, and insisted that Chaliapin learn not only his own roles but also all the other roles in the operas in which he was slated to appear. With Rachmaninoff he learned the title role of Mussorgsky's Boris Godunov, which became his signature character , On the strength of his Mamontov appearances, the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow engaged Chaliapin, where he appeared regularly from 1899 until 1914. During the First World War, Chaliapin also appeared regularly at the Zimin Private Opera in Moscow. In addition, from 1901, Chaliapin began touring in the West, making a sensational debut at La Scala that year as the devil in a production of Boito's Mefistofele, under the baton of one of the 20th century's most dynamic opera conductors, Arturo Toscanini Chaliapin's last stage performance took place at the Monte Carlo Opera in 1937, as Boris. He died the following year of leukemia, aged 65, in Paris, where he was interred

as the Angel in "The Demon" by Rubinstein CREATOR Mariinsky Theatre, St. Petersburg, on 25 January 1875, Alexandra Pavlovna Krutikova (1851-1919) - (contralto, mezzo-soprano Russian opera and chamber singer . Soloist of the Mariinsky (1872–1876) and Bolshoi (1880–1891) theaters. Honored Artist of the Imperial Theaters (1902). The wife of the singer Bogomir Corsov and the mother of the singer Lyset Corsova. Alexandra Pavlovna Krutikova - the daughter of a hereditary honorary citizen, a native of the Chernihiv province, was brought up in Riga. From an early age showed the ability and love of music. In Riga, she took singing lessons at Heinecke, in Paris she studied with Pierre Francois Vartel, then she entered the St. Petersburg Conservatory in the class of Henriette Nissen-Saloman. A student of the Conservatory, she debuted on January 12, 1872 in the role of Vanya (“Life for the Tsar”) on the stage of the Mariinsky Theater, where she was invited to the place of E. A. Lavrovskaya. On January 28, 1872, she sang the part of Ratmir in the opera Ruslan and Lyudmila. In 1873 she graduated. She was a soloist with the Mariinsky Theater from January 1, 1872 to May 1, 1876. From September 1, 1880 to 1891, was in the troupe of the Moscow Bolshoi Theater. Successfully toured in Sweden, Odessa, Kharkov, Kiev. In 1901, left the scene. She performed about 40 roles rties, including Ortrude in Lohengrin, Zerlina in Don Juan, Ratmir in Ruslan and Lyudmila, Countess in The Queen of Spades, Solokhi in Cherevichki, etc. Olga, the first performer of the party in the opera "Eugene Onegin" by Tchaikovsky at the premiere at the Bolshoi Theater. In 1884 she sang the part of Lyubov in the premiere production of Tchaikovsky's opera "Mazepa". The talent of the singer was highly appreciated by Tchaikovsky, who dedicated her romances “Reconciliation” (op. 25, No. 1, 1874) and “Only You Are Alone” (or. 57, No. 6, 1884).

Theodor Reichmann as Tell 'William Tell" Rossini THEODOR REICHMANN 15 March 1849 -22 May 1903 German Baritone Studied Berlin and Milan . Debuted 1869 (as Ottokar in "Der Freischütz") in Magdeburg .After engagements in Rotterdam (1870-1871), Cologne (1871/1872), Strasbourg (1872) and Hamburg (1872-1875), belonged to 1875-1883 the Munich Court Theatre on and came on April 5, 1881, as a guest at the Hofoper (René in "Masked ball").Debut on June 4 as Dutchman April 8 , 1889 , and from 1 September 1895 until 22 May 1903 Reichmann was a member of the Court Opera , Roles Dutchman , Hans Sachs , Wotan , Don Juan , Count Almaviva , Amonasro , Escamillo , Rigoletto .Sang regularly at the Bayreuth Festival

as Don Jose in "Carmen" by Bizet: Riccardo Martin (Hugh Whitfield Martin) (November 18, 1874 – August 11, 1952) American tenor. Studied in Paris with Giovanni Sbriglia, Jean de Reszke and Léon Escalaïs. and later completed his studies with Vincenzo Lombardi in Florence and Beniamino Carelli in Naples. He debuted as Faust in Nantes in 1904. Two years later he made his American debut in New Orleans, singing with the visiting San Carlo Opera. Debut at the Metropolitan Opera on November 20, 1907 in Mefistofele; he created the lead tenor roles in 3 american operas: Walter Damrosch's " Cyrano", Horatio Parker's "Mona", and Frederick Shepherd Converse's" The Pipe of Desire". After leaving the company he appeared with numerous companies throughout America and Europe, and spent three seasons with the Chicago Civic Opera.

Hänsel und Gretel opera by Engelbert Humperdinck Vienna 18/12/1894 Cast Hansel - Marie Renard- 1864-1939 Gretel- Paula Mark- 1869-1956 Dew Fairy- Marie Lederer Peter- Josef Ritter -1859-1911 Gertrud-Luise Kaulich-Lazarich - 1856-1939 Witch- Marie Lehamann -1859-1931 Sandman- Irene Abendroth- 1872-1932 MARIE RENARD (Marie Polzl) (8 January 1864 – 19 October 1939) Austrian Mezzo Soprano Studied voice with Louise Weinlich-Tipka in her native city of Graz and later in Berlin with Rosa de Ruda. She debuted in 1882 in Graz as Azucena in Verdi's "Il trovatore", (1884–1885) she sang at the German Theatre in Prague. PAULA MARK-NEUSSER, 1869 - 1956 Austrian soprano & voice teacher. After studying at the Vienna Conservatory , Paula Mark made her debut as a singer at the Opera in Leipzig in 1890, where she stayed until 1893. In 1893 she was hired to the court opera . After marrying Edmund Neusser , she said goodbye to the stage in 1897 and gave singing lessons from then on. From 1924 to 1950 she had a teaching position for singing at the Academy for Music and Performing Arts in Vienna. JOSEF RITTER 1859-1911 German Baritone Sang as a chorister at Sazlburg.Studied at the Mozarteum Salzburg and further study with Herdinger & Schimon at Conservatory in Munich .Operatic debut as Melchthal 'William Tell" at Frankfurt in 1880 .Completed his military service and joined Hamburg City Opera where he remained until 1891 LOUISE KAULICH-LAZARICH 1856 -1939 Austrian Mezzo Soprano Daughter of the composer and bandmaster Josef Kaulich (1827-1901). Education: Studied at the Vienna Conservatory with Mathilde Marchesi di Castrone. Career: Brought in by director Franz Jauner, she began her stage career at the Vienna Court Opera in 1874 (or 1876), and was engaged as a solo singer from 1876 (or 1878). She sang major roles and was one of the busiest artists in the house. In 1906 she said goodbye to the opera stage as Quickly in “Falstaff”, but continued to perform as a concert and oratorio singer until 1911. She achieved her greatest successes as the witch in “Hansel and Gretel” as well as Marthe in “Faust”, as Fides in “Prophet” and as Lucia in “Cavalleria rusticana”. MARIE LEHMANN 1851 – 1931) German Soprano The daughter of the soprano Maria Theresia Löw and the heldentenor Karl August Lehmann, and the sister of Lilli Lehmann. Her mother trained the girls, working in Prague. Lehmann made her stage debut at the Leipzig Opera in 1867 as Ännchen in Weber's Der Freischütz, IRENE ABENDROTH 1872-1932 Polish Soprano Studied Milan with the elder Lamperti and later with in Vienna with Lamperti-Aurelie and Jager-Wilczek Debut Vienna 1889 as Amina "Sonnambula" .She was a member of the comany's in Riga ,Hamburg, Vienna and Dresden.Her roles included Tosca , Sieglinde, Desdemona, Norma, Venus , Lucia and Rosina.

as Eva , “ Les Maitres Chanteurs de Nurnburg.” Wagner Marie Gutheil-Schoder 1874-1935 German Soprano he debuted in the secondary role of the First Lady at the Weimar Court Opera in The Magic Flute in her native city of Weimar in 1891. Gustav Mahler engaged her for the Vienna State Opera in 1900, where she remained until 1926. She appeared at the Royal Opera House as Octavian in Der Rosenkavalier in 1913. One of her famous roles was her portrayal of a "strange, Nietzschean" Carmen. She was seen in the 1914 Vienna premiere of Richard Strauss's ballet, Josephslegende as Potiphar's Wife. She created Esmeralda in the world premiere of Franz Schmidt's opera Notre Dame in the same year. Gutheil-Schoder created the fiercely difficult single role of Arnold Schoenberg's monodrama Erwartung in 1924 in Prague; earlier that year, she performed his Pierrot lunaire. Mahler termed her "a musical genius," and she was highly regarded as a musician and singing-actress, although she seemed to be, as one Viennese critic wrote, "the singer without a voice." In her later career, she became a stage director of opera.

PAUL FRANZ 1876-1950 French Tenor Worked as a navvy on the french railway before taking 1st prize in a singing competition , Debut 1908 Nantes . Franz had an heroic tenor voice he sang Tannhauser , Radames,Romeo,Sigurd , Siegmund, Faust & Samson . At Covent Garden london 1910 where he established himself as the leading french tenor . Last appeared in opera in 1938

as Eugene Onegin "Eugene Onegin" by Tchaikovsky Mattia Battistini 1856 – 1928 Italian baritone. Battistini dropped out of law school to study singing, first with Emilio Terziani and then with Venceslao Persichini. Battistini worked with conductor Luigi Mancinelli and the composer Augusto Rotoli, and he consulted with baritone Antonio Cotogni, in an effort to refine his technique. Début at the Teatro Argentina, Rome, as Alfonso in “ La favorite” by Donizetti 1878 1883, he undertook his first visit to the Royal Opera House at London's Covent Garden, where he appeared as Riccardo in “ I Puritani “ by Bellini . . Debut at the Teatro San Carlo in Naples in 1886 . From 1892 onwards, Battistini established himself at Russia's two imperial theatres in Saint Petersburg and Moscow: the Mariinsky and the Bolshoi . Returned London Covent Garden for appearances in 1905–1906,He sang at Warsaw, Saint Petersburg, Moscow ,Odessa , Milan, Lisbon, Barcelona, Madrid, Berlin, Vienna, Prague, Budapest and Paris. Principal rôles included Don Carlo “ La forza del destino” Di Luna “ Il trovatore” Rigoletto “, Rigoletto,”, Amonasro “Aïda”, Don Carlo “Ernani” all by Verdi, Gonzales “il Guarany” Gomes, Riccardo “ I Puritani” Bellini, and Ashton “Lucia di Lammermoor” by Donizetti.

as Siegfried and Brunnhilde in "Götterdämmerung" By Wagner Heinrich Vogl 845-1900 German Tenor In 1865 he made his debut at the "Hofoper von München" as Max in Von Weber's "Der Freischütz". After the sudden and too early death of Ludwig Schnorr von Carolsfeld he became his successor in Wagnerian roles both in Munich as throughout Germany. Above all asTristan, the role that Schnorr shortly before his death had created at Munich with his wife Malvina as Isolde. Vogl often performed the role with his wife, the soprano Therese Vogl-Thoma (1845-1921), as Isolde. In 1869 he created at Munich the role of Loge at the première of Wagner's "Das Rheingiold" and in 1870 the role of Siegmund in Wagner's "Die Walküre". In 1876 he repeated the role of Loge in the first performance of the complete cycle of "Der Ring des Nibelungen". Until 1897 he performed with great success at Bayreuth in various Wagnerian roles (Tristan, Siegmund, Parsifal and Siegfried). He made successful international guestappearances at London. Vienna and Russia. In 1890 he made his debut at the Metropolitan Opera New York as Lohengrin. In the following New York season he played Tannhäuser, Loge, Siegfried and Tristan. His last performance was on 16 April 1900 in Munich as Canio in "Pagliacci"; 4 days later he suffered a fatal stroke. Therese Vogl 1845-1921 German Soprano Her name was Therese Thoma, was the daughter of a school teacher and received her education by the educator Hauser in Munich. In 1865, she debuted at the Court Theater of Karlsruhe in the role of Casilda in "La Part du Diable" by Auber. A year later in 1866, she followed a call to the Hofoper of Munich. In 1868 she married the famous first tenor of this opera house, Heinrich Vogl (1845-1900). Heinrich and Therese Vogl were regarded as unsurpassed within their artistic generation in these two difficult parts, since they had sung them for the first time in 1869 in Munich. On June 26, 1870 Therese Vogl sang in Munich in the world premiere of the "Walküre" by R. Wagner, while her husband created the part of Siegmund. In 1878 and 1879 she was the Brünnhilde in Munich in the first performances of "Siegfried" and "Götterdämmerung" outside of Bayreuth. In 1881 she was a guest at the Hofoper of Berlin as Elsa in the "Lohengrin". In 1882 she sang the Brünnhilde at the Her Majesty's Theater in the English premiere of the Ring cycle under Anton Seidl. She also took part in the Europa tour with Angelo Neumann's wandering Wagner theater in 1882-83. In 1884 she sang with Heinrich Vogl in the premiere of "Tristan" at the opera in Frankfurt am Main, where she often enjoyed. She also appeared as a guest in Russia. She sang at the Stadttheater (opera house) of Hamburg (1877), at the court theater of Mannheim, Weimar, Wiesbaden and Stuttgart (1887). In 1885 she performed in Munich, together with her husband, in the premiere of the opera "Der faule Hans" by Alexander Ritter, in 1872 in the opera "Theodor Körner" by Wendelin Weissheimer. In 1892, she gave her farewell performance as an Isolde in Munich. She was appointed honorary member of the Munich Opera. In addition to Wagner's repertoire, she was successful in roles such as the Eglantine in "Euryanthe", the title role in "Alceste" by Gluck, the Leonore in the "Fidelio", the Clytemnestra in "Iphigenie in Aulis" and the Agathe in "Freischütz"

Meyer as The Duchess and Granier as Duke of Parthenay in "Le Petit Duc" by Lecocq CREATORS 25/1/1878 théâtre de la Renaissance MILY MEYER (Émilie Mily Meyer) (1852-1927) French Soprano Her professional début was at the Eldorado café-concert; she then went to the Théâtre de la Renaissance and appeared as the young duchess in the premiere of Le petit duc on 25 January 1878. Creations in La Camargo (1878),[2] Petite Mademoiselle (1879) and Belle-Lurette (1880) swiftly followed also appeared at the Théâtre des Nouveautés as Kate in the French premiere of Rip and at the Théâtre des Bouffes Parisiens as Bianca in the first run of La Béarnaise in 1885. Also at Théâtre des Variétés was La Princesse de Trébizonde, while at the Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques she was in the French premiere of Millöcker's La Demoiselle de Belleville (Die Jungfrau von Belleville). Among many other operettas in which she sang were Roi de Carreau (1885) and Babolin (1884) at the Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques (November 1884); La vie mondaine (1885) at the Théâtre des Nouveautés, and at the Théâtre des Bouffes Parisiens, La Béarnaise (1885), as Benjamine in Joséphine (1886), Gamine de Paris (1887), Le Retour d'Ulysse (1889), Le mari de la reine (1889), Cendrillonnette (1890) and revivals of Les petits mousquetaires and La Princesse de Trébizonde. Back at the Renaissance, she created La gardeuse d'oies (1888) and La petite Poucette (1891); followed by La Demoiselle du Téléphone (1891) at the Nouveautés, Fleur de Vertu (1894) at the Bouffes, and L'Élève du Conservatoire (1894) at the Théâtre des Menus-Plaisirs. JEANNE GRANIER (31 March 1852 – 18 or 19 December 1939) was a French soprano, born and died in Paris, Granier was a pupil of Madame Barthe-Banderali, studying both opéra-comique and Italian music. Her debut was in 1873 at the Théâtre de la Renaissance, replacing at short notice Louise Théo as Rose Michon in the opening run of La jolie parfumeuse. Thus noticed by Offenbach, she went on to create Giroflé-Girofla (Paris premiere), title role in La Marjolaine, the title role in Le petit duc, Janot, Ninella, Mme le Diable, Belle Lurette and Fanfreluche. At the Théâtre des Variétés Granier appeared in major roles in revivals of La belle Hélène, Barbe-bleue, and La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein. Her other premieres at various Paris theatres included Mlle Gavroche (at the Variétés), Jacquette-Jaquet in La Béarnaise (Bouffes), Therèse in La cigale et la fourmi (Gaité) and Les saturnales (Nouveautés).

Engally as Meola in "Paul et Virginie' by Masse CREATOR role l’Opéra-National-Lyrique 15 November 1876 SPERANZA ENGALLY (Nadezhda Engallytschew) 1850- Russian Mezzo Soprano She was a russian singer who found notoriety, in Paris, ( the Italians, the Théâtre-Lyrique, Comique and Opera,) Singer who had her career mainly in Paris with short engagements at the Théâtre-Italien, Théâtre-Lyrique, Opéra-Comique (debut 1878) and the Grand Opéra (debut 1882 as Amneris in “Aïda”). In 1876 she created the role of Méala in Massé's "Paul et Virginie" and in 1880 the role of Simone in the opera "Jean de Nivelle" by Delibes. She had her greatest success in 1876 at the Théâtre de la Gaîté as Marpha in the opera “Dimitri” by composer Victorien de Joncières.

Désirée Artôt de Padilla (Marguerite-Joséphine-Désirée Montagney Artôt) 21st July 1835-3rd April 1907 Belguim Soprano Initially a mezzo –Soprano. She studied with Pauline Viardot and Francesco Lamperti in London and Paris. She appeared in concerts in Belgium, the Netherlands in 1857 at a State Concert in England. Meyerbeer engaged her for the Paris Opéra, where she made her debut on 5 February 1858 as Fidès in his ‘Le prophete” .She abandoned the French repertoire and went to sing in Italy in 1859. She also sang in Berlin that year, at the opening of the Victoria Theatre with Lorini’s Italian company. She was highly successful in The Barber of Saville , La Cenerentola , Il Trovatore and other roles there. In London in 1859-60 and again in 1863 at Her Majestys Theatre in La Fille du regiment , La traviata and Norma ( Adalgisa) She returned to England in 1864, where she sang at Covent Garden and 1866, in Gounod's ‘Faust” and other roles. In 1868 she visited Russia with a touring Italian company. After Artôt's marriage to Mariano Padilla y Ramos she was often known as Désirée Artôt de Padilla or Désirée Artôt-Padilla. Artôt appeared with Padilla in Italian opera in Germany, Austria, Poland, Sweden, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Russia, and Finland.She appeared in Moscow in 1868-70 and again in 1875-76, and in Saint Petersburg in 1871–72 and 1876–77.She retired in 1884, but on 22 March 1887 she and Padilla appeared in a scene from Don Giovanni in a celebration of the Emperor's birthday at the Imperial Palace in Berlin; it was also the centenary year of Don Giovanni. She became a singing teacher in Berlin until 1889, before moving to Paris.

as Virginie "Paul et Virginie" by Masse CREATOR 15/11/1876 PARIS CECILE RITTER-CIAMPI ( Cécile BEUNET) 1859-1939 French Soprano Sang at the Paris Opera Married to tenor Enzo Ciampi-Cellai . Mother of soprano Gabrielle Ritter-Ciampi

Jeanne Garnier as Orphee 'Orphee Aux Enfers" Offenbach JEANNE GRANIER (31 March 1852 – 18 or 19 December 1939) was a French soprano, born and died in Paris, Granier was a pupil of Madame Barthe-Banderali, studying both opéra-comique and Italian music. Her debut was in 1873 at the Théâtre de la Renaissance, replacing at short notice Louise Théo as Rose Michon in the opening run of La jolie parfumeuse. Thus noticed by Offenbach, she went on to create Giroflé-Girofla (Paris premiere), title role in La Marjolaine, the title role in Le petit duc, Janot, Ninella, Mme le Diable, Belle Lurette and Fanfreluche. At the Théâtre des Variétés Granier appeared in major roles in revivals of La belle Hélène, Barbe-bleue, and La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein. Her other premieres at various Paris theatres included Mlle Gavroche (at the Variétés), Jacquette-Jaquet in La Béarnaise (Bouffes), Therèse in La cigale et la fourmi (Gaité) and Les saturnales (Nouveautés).

Germaine Gallois 1869 - 1932 French Soprano Popular in Operetta , Debut Bouffes-Parisiens Theater , 1895 . She performed at Théâtre des Variétés , : Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens , Théâtre des Capucines , Paris opera and opera Comique. She created Hortense in "a Dot de Brigitte, Victor Roger 1895, Ninon de Lenclos '"Ninette", Charles Lecocq 1896, Cécile Blandin "Monsieur Lohengrin " Audran 1896 , Venus "Pâris ou Le bon juge" Claude Terrasse 1906

MARIE VAN ZANDT (October 8, 1858 – December 31, 1919) American Soprano Daughter of Jennie van Zandt , She studied in Milan with Francesco Lamperti, making her debut as Zerlina in Don Giovanni in Turin in 1879. Successful appearances followed, including at Covent Garden in 1879. She was only 21 signed a contract with the Opéra-Comique in 1880, making her debut as Mignon. It was the beginning of the glory. Léo Delibes composed his opera Lakmé for her, and she created the title role for its world premiere in 1883.Marie van Zandt made her Metropolitan Opera debut as Amina in Vincenzo Bellini's La sonnambula on December 21, 1891, remaining with the company for only one season, as usual. She returned to the Opéra-Comique in 1896 and revived some of her earlier success there, including Lakmé to huge enthusiasm in 1896, and Zerlina and Mignon in 1897 .She married with a Russian Count and went into retirement, staying in France

LOUIS HENRI OBIN 11/3/1820-11/11/1895 French Bass Studied at Conservatoire Lille and Paris with Louis Anton Patil and Levasseur.Debut grand Opera Paris 1844 Emiro ‘Otello” Rossini. He left shortly after and sang in Toulouse , Marseille and the Hague.He created Bacchoris “L’Enfant Prodigue” by Auber in 1850 , Nicephoris “Le Juifferant” by Halevy 1852 , Duc de Beaufort “La Fronde” by Niedermeyer 1853 , Procida ‘Les Vepres Siciliennes” by Verdi 1855,Nicanor “Herculanium ‘ by David 1859 , Brahma “L’Africane” Meyerbeer 1865 , Phillip II “Don Carlos” by Verdi 1867 .He left the Opea in 1869 .On January 1, 1870, he succeeded Lopez in the class of lyrical declamation (opera) at the Paris Conservatoire

LOUIS ALPHONSE EDMOND HOLTZEM French Bass (Paris, 26 juin 1827 – .Lyon, 1896). Débute Opera Comique in 1860