Jaap van 't Veen's photos

Jacob de Graeff, mayor of Amsterdam, built around 1650 a countryhouse along a road - ‘Zoesdijc’ - between the villages of Baarn and Soest, which was called ‘Hofstede aen Zoestdijck’. Stadholder William III bought the manor in 1674 and used it as a hunting lodge. Many members of the family of Orange-Nassau lived in ‘Soestdijk Palace’ till 1795 during the French invasion, when it was seized as a spoil of war. The building then was used by French soldiers. In 1815 the Prince of Orange, later King Willem II, was presented ‘Soestdijk Palace’, in recognition of his services at the Battle of Waterloo. The palace was expanded by adding two wings, the northern or ‘Baarn-wing’ and the southern or ‘Soest-wing’. Many years the palace was only used as summer home by members of the Dutch royal family. After the investiture of Queen Wilhelmina ‘Soestdijk Palace’ was regularly used again. Her mother, Queen Emma, used the palace as a summer home until her death in 1934. After her death the palace was renovated so that Princess Juliana and Prince Bernhard could make it their home after their marriage in 1937. ‘Soestdijk Palace’ became in 1948 their official residence until both of their deaths in 2004. Pending a decision about its future use, ‘Soestdijk Palace’ is a kind of a museum and it is possible to visit the building and the surrounding gardens.

The Cathedral of Guadix (Catedral de la Encarnación de Guadix) is a Roman Catholic cathedral. The baroque style building was under construction for a long period; it began in the 16th century and was completed in the mid-18th century. Guadix is believed to be one of the oldest diocesan seats in Spain. The cathedral stands on the site of an earlier Visigoth church extant in the 10th century, upon which - during the period of Muslim domination - a mosque was built. Guadix was captured by the Christian forces in 1489 and the Visigoth church was reestablished as the official seat of a bishop. It was given the name of the “Church of Saint Mary of the Incarnation” (Iglesia de Santa María de la Encarnación) and later was made a cathedral by a bull of Pope Innocent VIII.

More than seven centuries ago farmers who lived in the neighbourhood needed to protect their crop and themselves and they built a strong stone house (in the Dutch province of Groningen they were called ‘borg’). They were inspired by local monks who started building their monasteries with bricks. Besides churches, these structures were the only buildings that used durable stone and masonry. In 1475 there was already a farm with the name Frealemaheerd. Times were turbulent and unsafe in this part of the country. The ‘borg’ had to be fortified with a moat and extra walls. About 150 years later the house received its current name ‘Fraeylemaborg’, when it became permanently inhabited by the Fraeylema family. Through the centuries many powerful families have made the Fraeylemaborg their home. One of them, Hendrik de Sandra de Veldtman, bought the estate in 1781 after decades of neglect and decay. He restored and transformed the house to its present form. In 1972 the last private family left the Fraeylemaborg and the estate was bought by a foundation and opened the park to the public and converted the house to a museum. The moated ‘Fraeylemaborg’ is surrounded by a beautiful country estate of over 26 hectares with a fragment of a late 17th century garden and a 19th century landscape park. During spring it offers numerous so called ‘stinsenplanten’, plants which are more or less unique for this kind of manor gardens.

The history of the ‘De Hoop Mill’ in Harderwijk can be traced back to 1621, when the first mill was built. The original mill, located at a different location, burned down in 1969. The restoration - on its present location at the old ‘Vissershaven’ (Fishermen’s harbour) - started in 1992, when an old mill structure was purchased from the eastern town of Oldenzaal. This mill originally came from Weesp and was built in 1773. ‘De Hoop’ (the Hope) was rebuilt and the wings turned again in the year of 1998. A year later the mill was officially reopened and is now open for visitors. More info (Dutch): www.harderwijksemolen.nl

The spire, called Westertoren, of the Westerkerk (Western Church) on the bank of the Prinsengracht is the highest church tower in Amsterdam with its 85 meters. The church, designed by the famous Dutch architect Hendrick de Keyser, was built between 1620 and 1631 in the Dutch Renaissance style. Older churches in Amsterdam were originally built by Roman Catholics and were converted to Protestantism during the Reformation in 1578. The Westerkerk was one of the first purposely built Protestant churches. Today the Westerkerk is the largest church in the Netherlands that was built for Protestants. Rembrandt van Rijn is buried in the Westerkerk, as are several other famous Dutch artists. Anne Frank was soothed by the chimes of the church’s clock tower while in hiding and mentioned it several times in her famous diary. Former Queen Beatrix was also married there back in 1966.

The ‘Beekberger Enk’ is located between the villages Beekbergen, Lieren and Oosterhuizen more or less against a moraine, which came into being during the last ice age about 150,000 years ago. In the 19th century parts of the ‘enk’ still were heath land and shifting sand dunes. Farmers held sheep on these waste grounds. Sheepfolds were often found in the villages and every day the sheep were driven out to the heath and returned every night to their barn. The manure of the sheep in the barn, mixed with heather sods, was used to fertilize the landscaped acres. On this way came contiguous agricultural lands into being between the three villages. They were called ‘enk’. Some fields have been raised a meter or more during the last centuries. They still have a typical profile: high in the center and lower at the borders. The fields on the ‘Beekberger Enk’ are still used as arable land and one can still see the ‘hilly’ profile.

The ‘Calahorra Castle’ (Castillo de La Calahorra) is located on the top of a hill above to the village La Calahorra and the plateau of the Marquesado in the northern foothills of the Sierra Nevada. The first fortification at this site was an imposing medieval fortress of Moorish origin. In 1490 the ‘Catholic Monarchs’ gave the fortress to Cardinal Pedro González de Mendoza in reward for his important role in the Christian conquest of Granada. Don Rodrigo, an illegitimate son of the cardinal, inherited La Calahorra Castle in the year of 1495. This first Marquis of Zenete travelled a lot to Italy and loved the Italian architecture. La Cahorra Castle became the first Italian renaissance castles outside Italy and the first in Andalusia displaying these architectural features. The castle was rebuilt between 1509 and 1512 on the site of the former Moorish fortification. Nowadays the castle can be visited, although its opening hours are quite limited.

The most important site in Tarragona is the Roman amphitheatre, which was built at the turn of the 2nd century AD. It is located just outside the city walls and on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. The Amphitheatre was part of the Roman city of Tarraco, the remains of which nowadays are a UNESCO World Heritage site. The elliptical (open air) structure measured 130 x 102 metres and could house around 14.000 spectators, which came to see gladiator combats, wild animal hunts and public executions. The amphitheatre was used until the 4th AD. Later there were churches built on the site. The remains of the medieval church of Santa María del Miracle can still be seen today in the former arena.

Havezate Den Berg - manor or fortified house - was first mentioned in 1483 as ‘Huva Ten Berghe’. It was bought in 1703 by the noble family of Van Dedem. They built the present house, which was finished two years later. It is now managed by a private foundation ‘Van Dedem-Den Berg Stichting’. Den Berg (The Mountain) took its name from a nearby river dune of the river Vecht. The manor is located in the hamlet Millingen, just south of the village of Dalfsen. d in 1705. The house was restored in 1985. The house takes its name from a river dune nearby.

Watermill Den Haller is most probably the oldest still existing watermill in the Netherlands and the only remaining mill in the village of Diepenheim. It was first mentioned in the year of 1169. In 1331 Jan van Diest , bishop of Utrecht, bought the mill as part of the domain of Diepenheim . In the 18th century the mill was owned by the city of Deventer. The city council sold the mill in 1870 to Jan Hallers, who already had been the miller for many years, and became its present name “Den Haller”. It is now owned by a local foundation. Watermill Den Haller is situated along the Diepenheimse Molenbeek in a protected rural area. It is a so called undershot mill and has three sets of millstones. The mill is open for visitors many days a week and is still used as a flour mill. More info (Dutch): www.molendatabase.nl/nederland/molen.php?nummer=787 www.watermolendenhaller.nl

Church of Schildwolde (Kerk van Schildwolde) dates from the 17th century. The present church was built on the foundations of an older church from the 13th century. The Reformed church is a simple aisle less church built of brick, which is plastered. The church was consecrated in 1686. The most striking part of the complex is the detached bell tower, dating back at least to the year 1289 and once belonging to the former church. The roof of the spire is not made of roof tiles, but entirely built in brick. The tower has a height of 46 metres. The tower in Schildwolde is one of the two remaining so called ‘juffertorens’ (‘damsel towers’) in the province of Groningen. There is a legend about the ‘juffertorens’, saying: once there were three very rich but 'sinful' sisters (the ‘damsels') who thought only of their appearance. They regretted their sins and promised they would each build a tower as penance for their sins. But most probably the name ‘juffertoren’ is less prosaic: this kind of narrow tapering church towers were called after a ‘juffer’, which in Dutch also is a long tapering pine trunk.

La Peza is a small Andalusian village located on the slope of Monte Rosado and in front of the Sierra Nevada La Peza was an old Roman castro, whose name comes from the word lápice (stone). In the times of the Roman domination it receives the name of Roman Castrum and this time is the one that dates the origin of this town.

Siurana is a more or less hidden tiny village, situated on top of a massive fourty metres high limestone escarpment at an altitude of 737 m. The village offesr extraordinary views to the artificial lake Pantà de Siurana and the surrounding mountains of Monsant and Prades, and a nearby canyon with its red, orange, yellow and grey coloured rocks. Siurana is old village, built by the Moors and was the last bastion in Catalonia conquered by the Christians in 1153. Its narrow alleyways wind around a handful of medieval houses, a charming church and the ruins of a castle. Nowadays Siurana has less than 40 inhabitants. The only access to the village is by car through a steep winding road from Cornudella de Montsant. It is often visited by tourists for its history and spectacular vies and by rock climbers due to the abundance of sport climbs.

Prades Mountains (Muntanyes de Prades), is a mountain massif north of Reus. It is forested with oak and pine trees. Poblet Monastery, located at the feet of the range. Prades Mopuntains is well known for rock climbing on the steep rocks. Centre for this activity is the tiny village of Siurana. Picture: taken from Siurana with a view into the canyon with the winding road towards the village.

In 1664 the Frisian Nassau’s bought some heathland east of Heerenveen known as ‘t Wold’. The ‘village’ became its name 'Oranjewoud' ('Orange Forest' – Orange is the colour of the Dutch royal family) in the year of 1676, when Albertina Agnes, Prinses van Oranje Nassau, after the death of her husband Willem Frederik van Nassau - Stadtholder of Frisia - bought an existing country estate. Early 18th century her daughter-in-law Henriëtte Amalia van Anhalt-Dessau modernized the manor by (landscape) architect Marot (well known for the construction of Palace Het Loo nearby Apeldoorn). Marot designed two new wings for Oranjewoud, but the central building was never built. The architect also planned the gardens and park around the manor. During the French occupation, both wings were demolished and the property was sold. Two estates were built where the Stadtholder's country house had once stood: Oranjewoud at the site of the old castle and Oranjestein where the home of the steward had been. Various generations of the Oranje-Nassau family spent their summer at Oranjewoud. White plastered Huize Oranjewoud - built 1834 on the place of the former (royal) Palace Oranjewoud - is surrounded by a beautiful garden and a moat. It is private owned and it can not be visited. Opposite of the house is the entrance to the so called ‘Overtuin’ - see note - a lovely garden/park in English style.

Flour mill "Nooit Gedagt" is standing on one of the bastions of the fortress of Woudrichem. Originally the mill was built in the year of 1682 and was destroyed during World War II. "Nooit Gedagt" was rebuilt and reopened in 1996. Woudrichem itself is one of the official eleven Dutch fortress towns and its name ‘Walrichsheim' was already found in the year of 866. It became known as Woudrichem as from 1290, and could already be considered a town at that time, having a sheriff, aldermen and a council. It became city rights in 1356. For another view of the same windmill: www.ipernity.com/doc/327263/28234661/in/group/100944

Katlijk (Ketlik in the Frisian language) is a tiny village nearby Heerenveen. It has a little charming old church called Thomaskerk (Thomastsjerke), which is dating back to 1525. The church is built of ‘rooswinkel’ bricks and has some heavy buttresses. The building stands on an artificial dwelling hill and is surrounded by a graveyard with some real old tombstones. It has no tower, but next to the church stands a so called ‘klokkenstoel’: a wooden bell tower, which is typical for the province of Friesland. The Thomaskerk is a wonderful example of simple beauty in a peaceful rural location.

Embalse de Canales ( Canales Reservoir) is a artificial lake of the Genil River. The reservoir is located in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, east of Granada and nearby the mountain village of Güéjar Sierra (see: note). The massive dam at the western end of the lake has a height of almost 160 metres and is 340 metres long.