Martin M. Miles' photos with the keyword: Reformation

There has been a simple church on the site since at least the 12th century. After miraculous healings were reported around 1300 after drinking the water from the nearby Mary's Well, the church gained greater importance. In 1413, over 15,000 pilgrims were counted and the Scottish King James I placed the church under his personal protection. He also had housing built for the pilgrims. The current Gothic church was built in the course of the 15th century. The capacity of the church is clearly too large for the small parish, but it was also intended to be able to accommodate the numerous pilgrims. With the Scottish Reformation in the 16th century, the importance of the church declined. The healing well dried up in the 19th century.

There has been a simple church on the site since at least the 12th century. After miraculous healings were reported around 1300 after drinking the water from the nearby Mary's Well, the church gained greater importance. In 1413, over 15,000 pilgrims were counted and the Scottish King James I placed the church under his personal protection. He also had housing built for the pilgrims. The current Gothic church was built in the course of the 15th century. The capacity of the church is clearly too large for the small parish, but it was also intended to be able to accommodate the numerous pilgrims. With the Scottish Reformation in the 16th century, the importance of the church declined. The healing well dried up in the 19th century. Near the church stands the so-called "Tithe Barn", a house that was built in 1540 from stones from the pilgrims' hostel, but was burned down by the English four years later. It was used as a barn until 2000 and is now just a private house.

There has been a simple church on the site since at least the 12th century. After miraculous healings were reported around 1300 after drinking the water from the nearby Mary's Well, the church gained greater importance. In 1413, over 15,000 pilgrims were counted and the Scottish King James I placed the church under his personal protection. He also had housing built for the pilgrims. The current Gothic church was built in the course of the 15th century. The capacity of the church is clearly too large for the small parish, but it was also intended to be able to accommodate the numerous pilgrims. With the Scottish Reformation in the 16th century, the importance of the church declined. The healing well dried up in the 19th century. The portal

There has been a simple church on the site since at least the 12th century. After miraculous healings were reported around 1300 after drinking the water from the nearby Mary's Well, the church gained greater importance. In 1413, over 15,000 pilgrims were counted and the Scottish King James I placed the church under his personal protection. He also had housing built for the pilgrims. The current Gothic church was built in the course of the 15th century. The capacity of the church is clearly too large for the small parish, but it was also intended to be able to accommodate the numerous pilgrims. With the Scottish Reformation in the 16th century, the importance of the church declined. The healing well dried up in the 19th century.

Meinberg (since 1970 part of Horn-Bad Meinberg) was first mentioned in 978. Meinberg is then mentioned as a spa in 1676, when Andreas von Keil (called "Cunaeus") recommends the water of the Meinberg "health well" . In 1762 Johann Erhard Trampel (1737-1817) was commissioned by Count Simon August to investigate the springs. Trampel then was the driving force behind the development of the farming village into a spa. He probably knew near Pyrmont (today Bad Pyrmont), that already had developed into a place where the "jet-set" of the time met, as there was already a casino. In 1767, Meinberg was officially designated a "health resort" by a decree of the count; in that year. Hotels had to be built to accommodate the guests. The historic spa park was laid out in 1770. Trampel´s successors laid the foundations for the mud spa, which proved to be a success but it took until 1900 to count 1000 spa guests in one season for the first time. The increasing numbers of spa guests led to a building boom i the late 1950s and again in the 1970s and 1980s, when three large spa clinics were built. In 1992, the number of spa guests reached its highest level with almost 38,000. Since then, due to the structural reform in the health care system, the numbers declined sharply, and at the end of the 1990s, the three spa clinics gradually closed. In 822, during the reign of Louis the Pious, the Corvey monastery was founded in Höxter, under the name of "Nova Corbeia". It was founded initially as a provostry of Corbie (Somme), from where the first monks came. Monks from Corvey built the first church here, and in 978 Saxon noblemen placed their "Meierhof" under the protection of the monastery, what is the first mention of this place. The first was probably a wooden church. It got replaced by a fortified stone building in the 12th century. From this church the nave and the fortified tower are preserved. In 1541 the parish became Lutheran, about 60 years later, the Reformation took hold in Lippe. In 1767 the "spa business" started, so that the church became too small. In 1882 the building was extended by a single-nave annex to the south, and in 1928 to the north, resulting in the present cross shape.

Meinberg (since 1970 part of Horn-Bad Meinberg) was first mentioned in 978. Meinberg is then mentioned as a spa in 1676, when Andreas von Keil (called "Cunaeus") recommends the water of the Meinberg "health well" . In 1762 Johann Erhard Trampel (1737-1817) was commissioned by Count Simon August to investigate the springs. Trampel then was the driving force behind the development of the farming village into a spa. He probably knew near Pyrmont (today Bad Pyrmont), that already had developed into a place where the "jet-set" of the time met, as there was already a casino. In 1767, Meinberg was officially designated a "health resort" by a decree of the count; in that year. Hotels had to be built to accommodate the guests. The historic spa park was laid out in 1770. Trampel´s successors laid the foundations for the mud spa, which proved to be a success but it took until 1900 to count 1000 spa guests in one season for the first time. The increasing numbers of spa guests led to a building boom i the late 1950s and again in the 1970s and 1980s, when three large spa clinics were built. In 1992, the number of spa guests reached its highest level ever with almost 38,000. Since then, due to the structural reform in the health care system, the numbers declined sharply, and at the end of the 1990s, the three spa clinics gradually closed. In 822, during the reign of Louis the Pious, the Corvey monastery was founded in Höxter, under the name of "Nova Corbeia". It was founded initially as a provostry of Corbie (Somme), from where the first monks came. Monks from Corvey built the first church here, and in 978 Saxon noblemen placed their "Meierhof" under the protection of the monastery, what is the first mention of this place. The first was probably a wooden church. It got replaced by a fortified stone building in the 12th century. From this church the nave and the fortified tower are preserved. In 1541 the parish became Lutheran, about 60 years later, the Reformation took hold in Lippe. In 1767 the "spa business" started, so that the church became too small. In 1882 the building was extended by a single-nave annex to the south, and in 1928 to the north, resulting in the present cross shape.

Kloster Rheinau (= Rheinau Abbey) was founded on an island in a sheltered bend of the River Rhine about 778. In 1114 a Romanesque basilica was dedicated here. The adjoining settlement of Rheinau, today the village, was founded by Rudolf von Lenzburg in 1126. When in 1529 the Reformation came from Zurich, the abbey was abandoned for a short while. It was re-established in 1532, and became a centre of the Counter-reformation. In the 18th century Kloster Rheinau enjoyed a late resurgence. The abbey church and the monastic complex got rebuilt in Baroque style. The convent existed here upto 1862. In 1867 a hospital was set up and later the building hosted a very large psychiatric clinic that was finally closed in 2000. The massive towers probably date back to teh Romanesque basilica.

Kloster Rheinau (= Rheinau Abbey) was founded on an island in a sheltered bend of the River Rhine about 778. In 1114 a Romanesque basilica was dedicated here. The adjoining settlement of Rheinau, today the village, was founded by Rudolf von Lenzburg in 1126. When in 1529 the Reformation came from Zurich, the abbey was abandoned for a short while. It was re-established in 1532, and became a centre of the Counter-reformation. In the 18th century Kloster Rheinau enjoyed a late resurgence. The abbey church and the monastic complex got rebuilt in Baroque style. The convent existed here upto 1862. In 1867 a hospital was set up and later the building hosted a very large psychiatric clinic that was finally closed in 2000.

St. Arbogast is the only church in Switzerland that is surrounded by a defensive wall. A church has existed here already in the 5th century. Mid 12th century the erection of a Romanesque church started, but it got never completed, due to the Basel earthquake of 18 October 1356, the most significant earthquake, historically documented in Central Europe. Rebuilding started in 1359, from around the fortification of the church started and the wall around the church got built. It is 7 metres high! The interior walls of the church once were covered with frescoes, dating back to 1450/1500. They were hidden under plaster but since the 1970s are renovated and can be seen again. Some of the frescoes are attributed to Martin Schongauer. When the frescoes were created, Martin Luther had not written down the the "Ninety-Five Theses", that started the Reformation in 1517, so it is now wonder to see Saint James (St. Jaques) here as a pilgrim. Things changed dramatically very soon, as the Swiss Reformators (Zwingli, Calvin, Oekolampad..) had a way more radical approach, than their Lutherian collegues in Germany. In February 1529 a group of about 200 people forced their way into the (at that time still catholic) Muenster in Basel (only about 6kms apart from Muttenz,) and destroyed all reachable crucifixes, statues and altars, just everything what was connected to "idolatry" in their thinking. The same afternoon the iconoclasm extended to many other churches in Basel as well. Erasmus of Rotterdam was an eyewittness of the iconoclasm and wrote about it.