Martin M. Miles' photos with the keyword: Sperandio di Mantova

Bologna is the capital of the Emilia-Romagna region. Founded by the Etruscans, the city has been an urban center for centuries, first under the Etruscans, then under the Celts, then under the Romans, and again in the Middle Ages. In 728 Bologna was conquered by the Longobard king Liutprand and thus became part of the Longobard Empire. In the 11th century the place grew again as a free commune. In 1088 the university was founded, today the oldest university in Europe. As the city continued to expand, it received a new ring of ramparts in the 12th century, and another was completed in the 14th century. In 1164 Bologna joined the Lombard League against Frederick I Barbarossa, and in 1256 the city promulgated the "Legge del Paradiso", which abolished serfdom and slavery and freed the remaining slaves with public money. The city center was a forest of towers. It is estimated that around 100 family towers of the leading families, church towers and towers of public buildings defined the cityscape. In 1272, King Enzio of Sardinia, an illegitimate son of the Hohenstaufen Emperor Frederick II, died in Bologna after more than 22 years of imprisonment. The oratory, built between 1481 and 1497, was initially dedicated to the Madonna but was popularly known under the title of Holy Spirit, after the name of the lay brotherhood of the same name that had its headquarters there. The brotherhood was dissolved in 1798 and the structure and all the works preserved went to the state. The facade is covered and decorated with terracotta. The ornaments and the medallions with saints are attributed to Sperandio di Mantova. The original façade was restored in 1892-1893 when the building became the property of the Banca di Credito Popolare di Bologna.