Martin M. Miles' photos with the keyword: Niedersachen

The origins of Göttingen lay in a village called "Gutingi", first mentioned in a document by Otto I in 953. It is presumed that Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, founded the town northwest of this village, between 1150 and 1200. Its inhabitants obeyed welfish ownership and ruling rights, and the first Göttingen burghers are mentioned then, indicating that Göttingen was already organized as a true city. It was not, however, a Free Imperial City ("Reichsstadt"), but subject to the Welf dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg. The city was initially protected by ramparts, at the end of the 13th century by walls on top of the ramparts. Permission to erect the wall was granted in 1362 by Duke Ernst of Brunswick-Göttingen, and construction ultimately took 200 years.Around 1350, Göttingen joined the Hanseatic League. Göttingen only became a paying member in 1426, and in 1572 it left the Hanseatic League. The Reformation initially seemed to bypass Göttingen. Even when the Peasants' War raged through Germany in 1524/25, things remained quiet in Göttingen. It was not until 1529, twelve years after Luther posted his theses, that the Reformation began in Göttingen. Göttingen suffered greatly during the Thirty Years' War, which led to the city's economic and political decline. The number of inhabitants, which was still 6000 in 1400, fell to less than 3000 around 1680. The principality of Brunswick-Calenberg, to which Göttingen had belonged since 1634, was made an electorate by Emperor Leopold I in 1692 under Duke Ernst August. From 1714, the Electors of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Electoral Hanover) were also kings of Great Britain. Ernst August's son, Elector Georg Ludwig of Hanover, was to ascend the British throne as George I. Until then, the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg had not had its own university. A university was founded in Göttingen to train the theologians, lawyers and doctors needed in the country. During the reign of George II August of Great Britain, who gave the university its name, teaching at the George August University was opened in 1734. This half-timbered house from 1585 is decorated with a large bear.

The origins of Göttingen lay in a village called "Gutingi", first mentioned in a document by Otto I in 953. It is presumed that Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, founded the town northwest of this village, between 1150 and 1200. Its inhabitants obeyed welfish ownership and ruling rights, and the first Göttingen burghers are mentioned then, indicating that Göttingen was already organized as a true city. It was not, however, a Free Imperial City ("Reichsstadt"), but subject to the Welf dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg. The city was initially protected by ramparts, at the end of the 13th century by walls on top of the ramparts. Permission to erect the wall was granted in 1362 by Duke Ernst of Brunswick-Göttingen, and construction ultimately took 200 years.Around 1350, Göttingen joined the Hanseatic League. Göttingen only became a paying member in 1426, and in 1572 it left the Hanseatic League. The Reformation initially seemed to bypass Göttingen. Even when the Peasants' War raged through Germany in 1524/25, things remained quiet in Göttingen. It was not until 1529, twelve years after Luther posted his theses, that the Reformation began in Göttingen. Göttingen suffered greatly during the Thirty Years' War, which led to the city's economic and political decline. The number of inhabitants, which was still 6000 in 1400, fell to less than 3000 around 1680. The principality of Brunswick-Calenberg, to which Göttingen had belonged since 1634, was made an electorate by Emperor Leopold I in 1692 under Duke Ernst August. From 1714, the Electors of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Electoral Hanover) were also kings of Great Britain. Ernst August's son, Elector Georg Ludwig of Hanover, was to ascend the British throne as George I. Until then, the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg had not had its own university. A university was founded in Göttingen to train the theologians, lawyers and doctors needed in the country. During the reign of George II August of Great Britain, who gave the university its name, teaching at the George August University was opened in 1734. St. Johannis is a three-nave Gothic hall church from the 14th century. A Romanesque basilica once stood on the site of the church. It was first mentioned in a document in 1272. The north portal and a round arch portal have survived from her. They were integrated into the new Gothic building. The west facade is designed in early Gothic forms below the free stories of the towers. The North Tower's historic spire was destroyed by fire in 2005. At first the top of the tower threatened to collapse. The dangerous parts and the charred beams were lifted off on the day of the fire with special cranes and dismantled on the ground. Just one day after the fire, the police arrested two suspected arsonists, young people aged 19 and 15, who made a confession. The young people had entered the tower via scaffolding. The reconstruction work was completed in February 2006.

The origins of Göttingen lay in a village called "Gutingi", first mentioned in a document by Otto I in 953. It is presumed that Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, founded the town northwest of this village, between 1150 and 1200. Its inhabitants obeyed welfish ownership and ruling rights, and the first Göttingen burghers are mentioned then, indicating that Göttingen was already organized as a true city. It was not, however, a Free Imperial City ("Reichsstadt"), but subject to the Welf dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg. The city was initially protected by ramparts, at the end of the 13th century by walls on top of the ramparts. Permission to erect the wall was granted in 1362 by Duke Ernst of Brunswick-Göttingen, and construction ultimately took 200 years.Around 1350, Göttingen joined the Hanseatic League. Göttingen only became a paying member in 1426, and in 1572 it left the Hanseatic League. The Reformation initially seemed to bypass Göttingen. Even when the Peasants' War raged through Germany in 1524/25, things remained quiet in Göttingen. It was not until 1529, twelve years after Luther posted his theses, that the Reformation began in Göttingen. Göttingen suffered greatly during the Thirty Years' War, which led to the city's economic and political decline. The number of inhabitants, which was still 6000 in 1400, fell to less than 3000 around 1680. The principality of Brunswick-Calenberg, to which Göttingen had belonged since 1634, was made an electorate by Emperor Leopold I in 1692 under Duke Ernst August. From 1714, the Electors of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Electoral Hanover) were also kings of Great Britain. Ernst August's son, Elector Georg Ludwig of Hanover, was to ascend the British throne as George I. Until then, the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg had not had its own university. A university was founded in Göttingen to train the theologians, lawyers and doctors needed in the country. During the reign of George II August of Great Britain, who gave the university its name, teaching at the George August University was opened in 1734. St. Johannis is a three-nave Gothic hall church from the 14th century. A Romanesque basilica once stood on the site of the church. It was first mentioned in a document in 1272. The north portal and a round arch portal have survived from her. They were integrated into the new Gothic building. The west facade is designed in early Gothic forms below the free stories of the towers. The North Tower's historic spire was destroyed by fire in 2005. At first the top of the tower threatened to collapse. The dangerous parts and the charred beams were lifted off on the day of the fire with special cranes and dismantled on the ground. Just one day after the fire, the police arrested two suspected arsonists, young people aged 19 and 15, who made a confession. The young people had entered the tower via scaffolding. The reconstruction work was completed in February 2006.

The origins of Göttingen lay in a village called "Gutingi", first mentioned in a document by Otto I in 953. It is presumed that Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, founded the town northwest of this village, between 1150 and 1200. Its inhabitants obeyed welfish ownership and ruling rights, and the first Göttingen burghers are mentioned then, indicating that Göttingen was already organized as a true city. It was not, however, a Free Imperial City ("Reichsstadt"), but subject to the Welf dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg. The city was initially protected by ramparts, at the end of the 13th century by walls on top of the ramparts. Permission to erect the wall was granted in 1362 by Duke Ernst of Brunswick-Göttingen, and construction ultimately took 200 years.Around 1350, Göttingen joined the Hanseatic League. Göttingen only became a paying member in 1426, and in 1572 it left the Hanseatic League. The Reformation initially seemed to bypass Göttingen. Even when the Peasants' War raged through Germany in 1524/25, things remained quiet in Göttingen. It was not until 1529, twelve years after Luther posted his theses, that the Reformation began in Göttingen. Göttingen suffered greatly during the Thirty Years' War, which led to the city's economic and political decline. The number of inhabitants, which was still 6000 in 1400, fell to less than 3000 around 1680. The principality of Brunswick-Calenberg, to which Göttingen had belonged since 1634, was made an electorate by Emperor Leopold I in 1692 under Duke Ernst August. From 1714, the Electors of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Electoral Hanover) were also kings of Great Britain. Ernst August's son, Elector Georg Ludwig of Hanover, was to ascend the British throne as George I. Until then, the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg had not had its own university. A university was founded in Göttingen to train the theologians, lawyers and doctors needed in the country. During the reign of George II August of Great Britain, who gave the university its name, teaching at the George August University was opened in 1734.

The origins of Göttingen lay in a village called "Gutingi", first mentioned in a document by Otto I in 953. It is presumed that Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, founded the town northwest of this village, between 1150 and 1200. Its inhabitants obeyed welfish ownership and ruling rights, and the first Göttingen burghers are mentioned then, indicating that Göttingen was already organized as a true city. It was not, however, a Free Imperial City ("Reichsstadt"), but subject to the Welf dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg. The city was initially protected by ramparts, at the end of the 13th century by walls on top of the ramparts. Permission to erect the wall was granted in 1362 by Duke Ernst of Brunswick-Göttingen, and construction ultimately took 200 years.Around 1350, Göttingen joined the Hanseatic League. Göttingen only became a paying member in 1426, and in 1572 it left the Hanseatic League. The Reformation initially seemed to bypass Göttingen. Even when the Peasants' War raged through Germany in 1524/25, things remained quiet in Göttingen. It was not until 1529, twelve years after Luther posted his theses, that the Reformation began in Göttingen. Göttingen suffered greatly during the Thirty Years' War, which led to the city's economic and political decline. The number of inhabitants, which was still 6000 in 1400, fell to less than 3000 around 1680. The principality of Brunswick-Calenberg, to which Göttingen had belonged since 1634, was made an electorate by Emperor Leopold I in 1692 under Duke Ernst August. From 1714, the Electors of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Electoral Hanover) were also kings of Great Britain. Ernst August's son, Elector Georg Ludwig of Hanover, was to ascend the British throne as George I. Until then, the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg had not had its own university. A university was founded in Göttingen to train the theologians, lawyers and doctors needed in the country. During the reign of George II August of Great Britain, who gave the university its name, teaching at the George August University was opened in 1734. Junkerschänke - erected in 1451 and used as a pub since 1883. There are numerous carvings on the facade. Among other things, there are biblical scenes and signs of the zodiac.

The carving, topping the end of the right row of choir-stalls in St. Johann (Baptist), shows a dog catching a hare. The dog seems strange. It is small compared to the hare, the head is donkey-like, the teeth are clearly thatones of a herbivore.

The nave and the two aisles of the former collegiat church St. Johann (Baptist). High, wide, clear. Consecrated in 1292 St. Johann is one of the oldest large gothic hall churches in Germany - and so may be connected to the cathedral and the Bartholomew Chapel in Paderborn. St. Johann may have influenced the masters who built the (smaller) St. Marien church in Lemgo, only a few decades younger. Paderborn and Lemgo are about 100km southeast. Here is the nave of St. Marien, Lemgo. www.flickr.com/photos/martin-m-miles/4337778515/

The choir of St. Johann (Baptist). Consecrated in 1292 this is one of the oldest large gothic hall churches in Germany. Only a few choir stalls have "survived" the centuries. The altar was carved in 1512. Hinges on the sides show, that originally this was winged altar, but the wings got lost. All the windows are new. The life-size figures of the apostles on the walls were carved from sandstone around 1400.

The westwork (façade) of the former collegiate church St. Johann (Baptist). The foundation stone was layed 1256. Though consecrated 1292, it is doubted, that the church was finished at that time, it took probably a decade or two longer than that. St. Johann is one of the oldest large gothic hall churches in Germany - and so may be connected to the cathedral and the Bartholomew Chapel in Paderborn, only 100kms southeast. The westwork is still clearly romanesque. It had no portal originally, the rosewindow was added wthin the first half of the 20th century.

The bishop´s see was founded by Charlemagne around 780. The first church here, was destroyed by the Normans. After a great fire, that burnt down most of the town around 1100, the cathedral was built over a long period, so it is a mix of late romanesque and gothic style. Clearly romanesque are the left tower of the westwork, the left wall and the crossing tower. The right tower was similar to the left upto 1502, when it had to be enlarged, as the new ordered bells where just too heavy for the old tower. During WWII Osnabrueck got heavily bombed and the cathedral burnt down, It was rebuilt in the 1950s. In the foreground is the statue of a lion. This is the copy of the original (today in a museum), given to the town by Henry the Lion (1129–1195). It is dubbed "Loewenpudel" (Lion-Poodle), as it really looks like a mixture of these two creatures.