Martin M. Miles' photos with the keyword: Philip of Swabia

Helmstedt developed near the monastery of St. Ludgeri, which was probably founded around 800 by St. Liudger. For centuries there was a connection to the Werden Abbey, also founded by St. Luidger. Helmstedt was first mentioned as Helmonstede in 952. Until 1490, the abbots of the Werden-monastery were still the lords of Helmstedt, who then ceded their rights to the dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg. In the course of the throne dispute between the Guelphs and the Staufers, the city was almost completely destroyed at the turn of the year 1199/1200 by troops of the Magdeburg Archbishop and Philip of Swabia. After reconstruction, the city's fortifications were strengthened to withstand a siege in 1279. After years of war, the abbot of Werden, who acted as a mediator between the warring parties, was killed by enraged citizens in 1288. As a result, the city and its citizens were subjected to imperial ban, which was not lifted until 1290 by King Rudolf I. Helmstedt developed into a trading town at an early stage. Between 1426 and 1518, it was a member of the Hanseatic League. - In the Middle Ages the Beguines lived here. Now it belongs to the parish.

Helmstedt developed near the monastery of St. Ludgeri, which was probably founded around 800 by St. Liudger. For centuries there was a connection to the Werden Abbey, also founded by St. Luidger. Helmstedt was first mentioned as Helmonstede in 952. Until 1490, the abbots of the Werden-monastery were still the lords of Helmstedt, who then ceded their rights to the dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg. In the course of the throne dispute between the Guelphs and the Staufers, the city was almost completely destroyed at the turn of the year 1199/1200 by troops of the Magdeburg Archbishop and Philip of Swabia. After reconstruction, the city's fortifications were strengthened to withstand a siege in 1279. After years of war, the abbot of Werden, who acted as a mediator between the warring parties, was killed by enraged citizens in 1288. As a result, the city and its citizens were subjected to imperial ban, which was not lifted until 1290 by King Rudolf I. Helmstedt developed into a trading town at an early stage. Between 1426 and 1518, it was a member of the Hanseatic League. The Romanesque predecessor building was burned down by troops of the Magdeburg Archbishop and King Philip of Swabia. Around 1230, the construction of today's St. Stephen's Church in Gothic style began, but the construction work dragged on for several decades. Through structural changes in the following years, the building received not only Gothic and Romanesque sections but also Renaissance and Baroque interior elements. The first Protestant preaching took place here in 1530 by the pastor Heinrich Wende, who was expelled from the city a short time later by the ducal sovereign.

Helmstedt developed near the monastery of St. Ludgeri, which was probably founded around 800 by St. Liudger. For centuries there was a connection to the Werden Abbey, also founded by St. Luidger. Helmstedt was first mentioned as Helmonstede in 952. Until 1490, the abbots of the Werden-monastery were still the lords of Helmstedt, who then ceded their rights to the dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg. In the course of the throne dispute between the Guelphs and the Staufers, the city was almost completely destroyed at the turn of the year 1199/1200 by troops of the Magdeburg Archbishop and Philip of Swabia. After reconstruction, the city's fortifications were strengthened to withstand a siege in 1279. After years of war, the abbot of Werden, who acted as a mediator between the warring parties, was killed by enraged citizens in 1288. As a result, the city and its citizens were subjected to imperial ban, which was not lifted until 1290 by King Rudolf I. Helmstedt developed into a trading town at an early stage. Between 1426 and 1518, it was a member of the Hanseatic League.

Helmstedt developed near the monastery of St. Ludgeri, which was probably founded around 800 by St. Liudger. For centuries there was a connection to the Werden Abbey, also founded by St. Luidger. Helmstedt was first mentioned as Helmonstede in 952. Until 1490, the abbots of the Werden-monastery were still the lords of Helmstedt, who then ceded their rights to the dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg. In the course of the throne dispute between the Guelphs and the Staufers, the city was almost completely destroyed at the turn of the year 1199/1200 by troops of the Magdeburg Archbishop and Philip of Swabia. After reconstruction, the city's fortifications were strengthened to withstand a siege in 1279. After years of war, the abbot of Werden, who acted as a mediator between the warring parties, was killed by enraged citizens in 1288. As a result, the city and its citizens were subjected to an imperial ban, which was not lifted until 1290 by King Rudolf I. Helmstedt developed into a trading town at an early stage. Between 1426 and 1518, it was a member of the Hanseatic League. The university "Academia Julia" was founded by Duke Julius in 1576. The university significantly shaped life from 1576 to 1810 in the city. The dukes brought famous scholars to Helmstedt such as Georg Calixt, and polymath Hermann Conring and even Giordano Bruno, who advocated the teachings of Copernicus and therefore ended up at the stake in Rome years later. All these scholars published their notable works on the university printing press set up by the duke and owned by the master Jacob Lucius. Fundamental changes occurred during the "French period" from 1806 to 1813. Jérôme Bonaparte, Napoleon's brother, ruled the Kingdom of Westphalia, to which Helmstedt belonged. By his order, university operations were finally suspended. Giordano Bruno lived in this house during his stay in Helmstedt.

Helmstedt developed near the monastery of St. Ludgeri, which was probably founded around 800 by St. Liudger. For centuries there was a connection to the Werden Abbey, also founded by St. Luidger. Helmstedt was first mentioned as Helmonstede in 952. Until 1490, the abbots of the Werden-monastery were still the lords of Helmstedt, who then ceded their rights to the dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg. In the course of the throne dispute between the Guelphs and the Staufers, the city was almost completely destroyed at the turn of the year 1199/1200 by troops of the Magdeburg Archbishop and Philip of Swabia. After reconstruction, the city's fortifications were strengthened to withstand a siege in 1279. After years of war, the abbot of Werden, who acted as a mediator between the warring parties, was killed by enraged citizens in 1288. As a result, the city and its citizens were subjected to imperial ban, which was not lifted until 1290 by King Rudolf I. Helmstedt developed into a trading town at an early stage. Between 1426 and 1518, it was a member of the Hanseatic League. The university "Academia Julia" was founded by Duke Julius in 1576. The university significantly shaped life from 1576 to 1810 in the city. The dukes brought famous scholars to Helmstedt such as Georg Calixt, and polymath Hermann Conring and even Giordano Bruno, who advocated the teachings of Copernicus and therefore ended up at the stake in Rome years later. All these scholars published their notable works on the university printing press set up by the duke and owned by the master Jacob Lucius. Fundamental changes occurred during the "French period" from 1806 to 1813. Jérôme Bonaparte, Napoleon's brother, ruled the Kingdom of Westphalia, to which Helmstedt belonged. By his order, university operations were finally suspended.

Helmstedt developed near the monastery of St. Ludgeri, which was probably founded around 800 by St. Liudger. For centuries there was a connection to the Werden Abbey, also founded by St. Luidger. Helmstedt was first mentioned as Helmonstede in 952. Until 1490, the abbots of the Werden-monastery were still the lords of Helmstedt, who then ceded their rights to the dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg. In the course of the throne dispute between the Guelphs and the Staufers, the city was almost completely destroyed at the turn of the year 1199/1200 by troops of the Magdeburg Archbishop and Philip of Swabia. After reconstruction, the city's fortifications were strengthened to withstand a siege in 1279. After years of war, the abbot of Werden, who acted as a mediator between the warring parties, was killed by enraged citizens in 1288. As a result, the city and its citizens were subjected to imperial ban, which was not lifted until 1290 by King Rudolf I. Helmstedt developed into a trading town at an early stage. Between 1426 and 1518, it was a member of the Hanseatic League. The university "Academia Julia" was founded by Duke Julius in 1576. The university significantly shaped life from 1576 to 1810 in the city. The dukes brought famous scholars to Helmstedt such as Georg Calixt, and polymath Hermann Conring and even Giordano Bruno, who advocated the teachings of Copernicus and therefore ended up at the stake in Rome years later. All these scholars published their notable works on the university printing press set up by the duke and owned by the master Jacob Lucius. Fundamental changes occurred during the "French period" from 1806 to 1813. Jérôme Bonaparte, Napoleon's brother, ruled the Kingdom of Westphalia, to which Helmstedt belonged. By his order, university operations were finally suspended.

Since 1007, when Holy Roman Emperor Heinrich II (Henry II) made Bamberg the seat of a diocese, the Bamberg Cathedral ("Bamberger Dom St. Peter und St. Georg") is the seat of the Archbishop of Bamberg. The first cathedral in Bamberg, named "Heinrichsdom", got consecrated already in 1012. This building got destroyed by fire in 1085. Around 1215 the construction of the building seen in the background started. It was commisioned by Bishop Eckbert von Andechs-Meranien. The place on the hill had been fortified already way before the first cathedral was built. Heinrich III had a palace here since 1003, that was transferred into the episcopal residence later. Here German King Philipp von Schwaben ("Philip of Swabia"), Barbarossa´s youngest son, was stabbed by Otto VIII of Wittelsbach on June 21. 1208. Bishop Eckbert von Andechs-Meranien became suspect in this assasination, as Otto of Wittelsbach was his cousin. He had to flee Bamberg. The half timbered buildings of the "Alte Hofhaltung" ("Old Court"), remaining parts of the episcopal palace, seen here, are a bit younger and date back to 1475.

Since 1007, when Holy Roman Emperor Heinrich II (Henry II) made Bamberg the seat of a diocese, the Bamberg Cathedral ("Bamberger Dom St. Peter und St. Georg") is the seat of the Archbishop of Bamberg. The first cathedral on this place, founded in 1004 by Heinrich II and named "Heinrichsdom", got consecrated already in 1012. This building got destroyed by fire in 1085. Around 1215 the construction of the building seen here started. It was commisioned by Bishop Eckbert von Andechs-Meranien, brother of Hedwig von Andechs (aka Hedwig of Silesia). The new cathedral was consecrated in 1237. Of course, the cathedral got "remodeled" over the centuries a couple of times. The two eastern towers (left) are 76 meters high. They are Romanesque. The two western towers are erected in early Gothic style. They are pretty exact copies of the towers of Notre-Dame de Laon, erected around 1190. These towers are not the only "traces" of carvers, "architects" and builders from Northern France, that can be found here. The length of the cathedral is 99 meters. Seen to the right is a part of the "Alte Hofhaltung", that was the episcopal palace in medieval time. It was exactly here, where Barbarossa´s youngest son, German King Philipp von Schwaben ("Philip of Swabia") was stabbed by Otto VIII of Wittelsbach on June 21. 1208. As even Bishop Eckbert von Andechs-Meranien became suspect in this assasination, he had to flee Bamberg - and the construction of the cathedral stopped for a couple of years.

Since 1007, when Holy Roman Emperor Heinrich II (Henry II) made Bamberg the seat of a diocese, the Bamberg Cathedral ("Bamberger Dom St. Peter und St. Georg") is the seat of the Archbishop of Bamberg. The first cathedral on this place, founded in 1004 by Heinrich II and named "Heinrichsdom", got consecrated already in 1012. This building got destroyed by fire in 1085. Around 1215 the construction of the building seen here started. It was commisioned by Bishop Eckbert von Andechs-Meranien, brother of Hedwig von Andechs (aka Hedwig of Silesia). The new cathedral consecrated in 1237. Between 1225 and 1237 this sculpture, the "Bamberger Reiter" ("Bamberg Horseman") was created by an unkown master, probably coming from France. Since the consecration it has been on the same place, located on a console at the north pillar of the St. George choir. It is considered the first monumental equestrian statue since classical antiquity, and one of the first to depict a horse shoe. The statue is more than 2 meters high (lifesize) and was painted once. The horse was white, the cape red - and the crown golden. There are many theories, who this unarmed rider could be. Heinrich II, whose tomb is only a few meters apart, or Philip of Swabia, the first German king ever being assasinated - next door? I tend to Stefan I ("Stephen I of Hungary"), aka "Sankt Stefan" ("Saint Steven"). He was married to Gisela von Bayern ("Gisela of Hungary") and brother in law of Heinrich II. When Bishop Eckbert von Andechs-Meranien after Philip´s assasination (1208) was suspected to have teamed up with the murderer Otto von Wittelsbach, he fled to Hungary, from where he reached rehabilitation, returned to BAmberg and completed this cathedral.

A Roman castra ("Rigomagus") existed here already in the 1., a Christian community probably within the 5th century. When the first church, dedicated to "Peter and Paul" was erected, the foundations of the Roman wall were used. It is proven that a church existed here in 1003. This church got destroyed, when Holy Roman Emperor Philip of Swabia burnt down Remagen in 1189, just 10 years, before he got murdered in Bamberg, where I had been some time ago. The "new" church got consecrated in 1246, got damaged during feuds and wars, but rebuilt and renovated upto the Industrial Revolution, when the growing population of Remagen just outgrew the structure. Between 1900 and 1904 a large neo-Romanesqe church was built, incorparating the nave of the old structure. The transept of this neo-Romanesque church is seen on the background. For me, the most interesting architectural detail in Remagen is the portal, under the small roof, to the right. Not much is known about the unique "Pfarrhoftor", that was created during the 12th century. It was placed here, next to St. Peter and Paul in 1902.

A Roman castra ("Rigomagus") existed here already in the 1., a Christian community probably within the 5th century. When the first church, dedicated to "Peter and Paul" was erected, the foundations of the Roman wall were used. It is proven that a church existed here in 1003. This church got destroyed, when Holy Roman Emperor Philip of Swabia burnt down Remagen in 1189, just 10 years, before he got murdered in Bamberg, where I had been some time ago. The "new" church got consecrated in 1246, got damaged during feuds and wars, but rebuilt and renovated upto the Industrial Revolution, when the growing population of Remagen just outgrew the structure. Between 1900 and 1904 a large neo-Romanesqe church was built, incorparating the nave of the old structure. The transept of this neo-Romanesque church is seen on the background. For me, the most interesting architectural detail in Remagen is the portal, under the small roof, to the right. Not much is known about the unique "Pfarrhoftor", that was created during the 12th century. It was placed here, next to St. Peter and Paul in 1902.

Speyer gained importance, when the Salian dynasty entered the political stage with Holy Roman Emperor Conrad II. He commissioned the construction of of this church, known as the "Imperial Cathedral of Speyer". It was planned to be the largest cathedral worldwide. A display of the Emperor´s power, that was - before the "Investiture Controversy" - secular and ecclesiastical. This "blueprint" from about 1025/1030 got changed later and the even enlarged cathedral was completed in 1106, the year Conrad´s grandson Emperor Henry IV died. In medieval times the burial places was at the eastern end of the central nave, just in front of the choir. Early 20th century, during renovations all tombs in the nave were opened by archeologists. Later this area in the crypt was created. Here are the tombs of eight German kings and emperors. Here are to be seen (front to back) are the tombs of: Adolf of Nassau, King of Germany, + 1298 Albert I, King of Germany, son of Rudolph I, + 1308 Rudolph I, King of Germany (aka "Rudolph of Habsburg"), + 1291 Beatrice I, Queen of Burgundy, wife of Frederick I, + 1184 Philip of Swabia, King of Germany, son of Frederick I (aka "Barbarossa"), + 1208 Only a few tombs are visble to the left. There are the the tombs of: Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, son of Henry III, + 1106 He did the "Walk to Canossa") Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor (aka "Henry the Pious"), son of Conrad II, + 1056 Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor, the first king of the Salian dynasty. He comissioned this cathedral around 1025. + 1039 Gisela of Swabia, Empress, wife of Conrad II, mother of Henry III, + 1043 Bertha of Savoy, Empress, wife of Henry IV. She accompanied her husband on the "Walk to Canossa". Mother of Conrad III and Henry V. + 1087