Martin M. Miles' photos with the keyword: John Lackland

Rochester, today a town with a population of around 24,000, was founded by the Romans in 43 AD as a fortified town with a bridge over the Medway River. The area had been inhabited by Romano-British, Jutes and Saxons since the Anglo-Saxon conquest in the middle of the 5th century. In 604, St Augustine of Canterbury sent Justus to build a cathedral near Rochester. The cathedral´s school, the King's School, still exists today. Rochester became the second episcopal see on the British Isles after Canterbury. In 676, Rochester was sacked by Æthelred of Mercia. In the Viking Age, the city was sacked by the Danes in 842 and 884. In 877, Alfred of Wessex ordered ships to be built to fight the Danes. This heralded the era of shipbuilding in the towns on the Medway. In 930, Rochester was granted the right to mint coins. Around 1100 Bishop Gundulf began building the new Rochester Cathedral on the remains of the former cathedral. The cathedral was completed in 1130. In 1215, the city was conquered by John, King of England (John Lackland) and attacked by Simon V de Montfort in 1264. The cathedral's founder and first bishop was Justus, one of the missionaries sent to England by Pope Gregory I at the request of St Augustine of Canterbury in 601. After the Norman conquest of England, Bishop Gundulf, a Benedictine from Le Bec Abbey, had a Benedictine monastery built next to the cathedral and the cathedral itself was rebuilt. The consecration took place in 1130 in the presence of King Henry I. The nave and west façade as well as parts of the crypt have been preserved from this construction. A fire damaged the cathedral in 1137, and reconstruction began in 1180 with the construction of the Gothic choir, which surpassed the nave in size. The veneration of William of Perth, who, according to local tradition, was slain by his foster son as a pilgrim to Jerusalem near Rochester in 1201 and canonised by Pope Alexander IV in 1256, brought pilgrims to the cathedral, enabling the Gothic building project to continue. The new choir was consecrated in 1227 and the northern and southern transepts were built in the following decades. Bishop Hamo Hythe had them vaulted and the mighty crossing tower erected. One hundred years later, the current clerestory of the nave and the western façade window were built. With the English Reformation, the Benedictine monastery of St Andrew was dissolved and the cathedral was given a new, Protestant cathedral chapter. Extensive restoration work was carried out in 1825 and 1872. The crossing tower was renovated in 1904. Cafés in or under churches and cathedrals were a surprise for me

Rochester, today a town with a population of around 24,000, was founded by the Romans in 43 AD as a fortified town with a bridge over the Medway River. The area had been inhabited by Romano-British, Jutes and Saxons since the Anglo-Saxon conquest in the middle of the 5th century. In 604, St Augustine of Canterbury sent Justus to build a cathedral near Rochester. The cathedral´s school, the King's School, still exists today. Rochester became the second episcopal see on the British Isles after Canterbury. In 676, Rochester was sacked by Æthelred of Mercia. In the Viking Age, the city was sacked by the Danes in 842 and 884. In 877, Alfred of Wessex ordered ships to be built to fight the Danes. This heralded the era of shipbuilding in the towns on the Medway. In 930, Rochester was granted the right to mint coins. Around 1100 Bishop Gundulf began building the new Rochester Cathedral on the remains of the former cathedral. The cathedral was completed in 1130. In 1215, the city was conquered by John, King of England (John Lackland) and attacked by Simon V de Montfort in 1264. The cathedral's founder and first bishop was Justus, one of the missionaries sent to England by Pope Gregory I at the request of St Augustine of Canterbury in 601. After the Norman conquest of England, Bishop Gundulf, a Benedictine from Le Bec Abbey, had a Benedictine monastery built next to the cathedral and the cathedral itself was rebuilt. The consecration took place in 1130 in the presence of King Henry I. The nave and west façade as well as parts of the crypt have been preserved from this construction. A fire damaged the cathedral in 1137, and reconstruction began in 1180 with the construction of the Gothic choir, which surpassed the nave in size. The veneration of William of Perth, who, according to local tradition, was slain by his foster son as a pilgrim to Jerusalem near Rochester in 1201 and canonised by Pope Alexander IV in 1256, brought pilgrims to the cathedral, enabling the Gothic building project to continue. The new choir was consecrated in 1227 and the northern and southern transepts were built in the following decades. Bishop Hamo Hythe had them vaulted and the mighty crossing tower erected. One hundred years later, the current clerestory of the nave and the western façade window were built. With the English Reformation, the Benedictine monastery of St Andrew was dissolved and the cathedral was given a new, Protestant cathedral chapter. Extensive restoration work was carried out in 1825 and 1872. The crossing tower was renovated in 1904. The choir stalls

Rochester, today a town with a population of around 24,000, was founded by the Romans in 43 AD as a fortified town with a bridge over the Medway River. The area had been inhabited by Romano-British, Jutes and Saxons since the Anglo-Saxon conquest in the middle of the 5th century. In 604, St Augustine of Canterbury sent Justus to build a cathedral near Rochester. The cathedral´s school, the King's School, still exists today. Rochester became the second episcopal see on the British Isles after Canterbury. In 676, Rochester was sacked by Æthelred of Mercia. In the Viking Age, the city was sacked by the Danes in 842 and 884. In 877, Alfred of Wessex ordered ships to be built to fight the Danes. This heralded the era of shipbuilding in the towns on the Medway. In 930, Rochester was granted the right to mint coins. Around 1100 Bishop Gundulf began building the new Rochester Cathedral on the remains of the former cathedral. The cathedral was completed in 1130. In 1215, the city was conquered by John, King of England (John Lackland) and attacked by Simon V de Montfort in 1264. The cathedral's founder and first bishop was Justus, one of the missionaries sent to England by Pope Gregory I at the request of St Augustine of Canterbury in 601. After the Norman conquest of England, Bishop Gundulf, a Benedictine from Le Bec Abbey, had a Benedictine monastery built next to the cathedral and the cathedral itself was rebuilt. The consecration took place in 1130 in the presence of King Henry I. The nave and west façade as well as parts of the crypt have been preserved from this construction. A fire damaged the cathedral in 1137, and reconstruction began in 1180 with the construction of the Gothic choir, which surpassed the nave in size. The veneration of William of Perth, who, according to local tradition, was slain by his foster son as a pilgrim to Jerusalem near Rochester in 1201 and canonised by Pope Alexander IV in 1256, brought pilgrims to the cathedral, enabling the Gothic building project to continue. The new choir was consecrated in 1227 and the northern and southern transepts were built in the following decades. Bishop Hamo Hythe had them vaulted and the mighty crossing tower erected. One hundred years later, the current clerestory of the nave and the western façade window were built. With the English Reformation, the Benedictine monastery of St Andrew was dissolved and the cathedral was given a new, Protestant cathedral chapter. Extensive restoration work was carried out in 1825 and 1872. The crossing tower was renovated in 1904. The nave

Rochester, today a town with a population of around 24,000, was founded by the Romans in 43 AD as a fortified town with a bridge over the Medway River. The area had been inhabited by Romano-British, Jutes and Saxons since the Anglo-Saxon conquest in the middle of the 5th century. In 604, St Augustine of Canterbury sent Justus to build a cathedral near Rochester. The cathedral´s school, the King's School, still exists today. Rochester became the second episcopal see on the British Isles after Canterbury. In 676, Rochester was sacked by Æthelred of Mercia. In the Viking Age, the city was sacked by the Danes in 842 and 884. In 877, Alfred of Wessex ordered ships to be built to fight the Danes. This heralded the era of shipbuilding in the towns on the Medway. In 930, Rochester was granted the right to mint coins. Around 1100 Bishop Gundulf began building the new Rochester Cathedral on the remains of the former cathedral. The cathedral was completed in 1130. In 1215, the city was conquered by John, King of England (John Lackland) and attacked by Simon V de Montfort in 1264. The cathedral's founder and first bishop was Justus, one of the missionaries sent to England by Pope Gregory I at the request of St Augustine of Canterbury in 601. After the Norman conquest of England, Bishop Gundulf, a Benedictine from Le Bec Abbey, had a Benedictine monastery built next to the cathedral and the cathedral itself was rebuilt. The consecration took place in 1130 in the presence of King Henry I. The nave and west façade as well as parts of the crypt have been preserved from this construction. A fire damaged the cathedral in 1137, and reconstruction began in 1180 with the construction of the Gothic choir, which surpassed the nave in size. The veneration of William of Perth, who, according to local tradition, was slain by his foster son as a pilgrim to Jerusalem near Rochester in 1201 and canonised by Pope Alexander IV in 1256, brought pilgrims to the cathedral, enabling the Gothic building project to continue. The new choir was consecrated in 1227 and the northern and southern transepts were built in the following decades. Bishop Hamo Hythe had them vaulted and the mighty crossing tower erected. One hundred years later, the current clerestory of the nave and the western façade window were built. With the English Reformation, the Benedictine monastery of St Andrew was dissolved and the cathedral was given a new, Protestant cathedral chapter. Extensive restoration work was carried out in 1825 and 1872. The crossing tower was renovated in 1904. Graffiti near the portal

Rochester, today a town with a population of around 24,000, was founded by the Romans in 43 AD as a fortified town with a bridge over the Medway River. The area had been inhabited by Romano-British, Jutes and Saxons since the Anglo-Saxon conquest in the middle of the 5th century. In 604, St Augustine of Canterbury sent Justus to build a cathedral near Rochester. The cathedral´s school, the King's School, still exists today. Rochester became the second episcopal see on the British Isles after Canterbury. In 676, Rochester was sacked by Æthelred of Mercia. In the Viking Age, the city was sacked by the Danes in 842 and 884. In 877, Alfred of Wessex ordered ships to be built to fight the Danes. This heralded the era of shipbuilding in the towns on the Medway. In 930, Rochester was granted the right to mint coins. Around 1100 Bishop Gundulf began building the new Rochester Cathedral on the remains of the former cathedral. The cathedral was completed in 1130. In 1215, the city was conquered by John, King of England (John Lackland) and attacked by Simon V de Montfort in 1264. The cathedral's founder and first bishop was Justus, one of the missionaries sent to England by Pope Gregory I at the request of St Augustine of Canterbury in 601. After the Norman conquest of England, Bishop Gundulf, a Benedictine from Le Bec Abbey, had a Benedictine monastery built next to the cathedral and the cathedral itself was rebuilt. The consecration took place in 1130 in the presence of King Henry I. The nave and west façade as well as parts of the crypt have been preserved from this construction. A fire damaged the cathedral in 1137, and reconstruction began in 1180 with the construction of the Gothic choir, which surpassed the nave in size. The veneration of William of Perth, who, according to local tradition, was slain by his foster son as a pilgrim to Jerusalem near Rochester in 1201 and canonised by Pope Alexander IV in 1256, brought pilgrims to the cathedral, enabling the Gothic building project to continue. The new choir was consecrated in 1227 and the northern and southern transepts were built in the following decades. Bishop Hamo Hythe had them vaulted and the mighty crossing tower erected. One hundred years later, the current clerestory of the nave and the western façade window were built. With the English Reformation, the Benedictine monastery of St Andrew was dissolved and the cathedral was given a new, Protestant cathedral chapter. Extensive restoration work was carried out in 1825 and 1872. The crossing tower was renovated in 1904.

Rochester, today a town with a population of around 24,000, was founded by the Romans in 43 AD as a fortified town with a bridge over the Medway River. The area had been inhabited by Romano-British, Jutes and Saxons since the Anglo-Saxon conquest in the middle of the 5th century. In 604, St Augustine of Canterbury sent Justus to build a cathedral near Rochester. The cathedral´s school, the King's School, still exists today. Rochester became the second episcopal see on the British Isles after Canterbury. In 676, Rochester was sacked by Æthelred of Mercia. In the Viking Age, the city was sacked by the Danes in 842 and 884. In 877, Alfred of Wessex ordered ships to be built to fight the Danes. This heralded the era of shipbuilding in the towns on the Medway. In 930, Rochester was granted the right to mint coins. Around 1100 Bishop Gundulf began building the new Rochester Cathedral on the remains of the former cathedral. The cathedral was completed in 1130. In 1215, the city was conquered by John, King of England (John Lackland) and attacked by Simon V de Montfort in 1264. The cathedral's founder and first bishop was Justus, one of the missionaries sent to England by Pope Gregory I at the request of St Augustine of Canterbury in 601. After the Norman conquest of England, Bishop Gundulf, a Benedictine from Le Bec Abbey, had a Benedictine monastery built next to the cathedral and the cathedral itself was rebuilt. The consecration took place in 1130 in the presence of King Henry I. The nave and west façade as well as parts of the crypt have been preserved from this construction. A fire damaged the cathedral in 1137, and reconstruction began in 1180 with the construction of the Gothic choir, which surpassed the nave in size. The veneration of William of Perth, who, according to local tradition, was slain by his foster son as a pilgrim to Jerusalem near Rochester in 1201 and canonised by Pope Alexander IV in 1256, brought pilgrims to the cathedral, enabling the Gothic building project to continue. The new choir was consecrated in 1227 and the northern and southern transepts were built in the following decades. Bishop Hamo Hythe had them vaulted and the mighty crossing tower erected. One hundred years later, the current clerestory of the nave and the western façade window were built. With the English Reformation, the Benedictine monastery of St Andrew was dissolved and the cathedral was given a new, Protestant cathedral chapter. Extensive restoration work was carried out in 1825 and 1872. The crossing tower was renovated in 1904.

Rochester, today a town with a population of around 24,000, was founded by the Romans in 43 AD as a fortified town with a bridge over the Medway River. The area had been inhabited by Romano-British, Jutes and Saxons since the Anglo-Saxon conquest in the middle of the 5th century. In 604, St Augustine of Canterbury sent Justus to build a cathedral near Rochester. The cathedral´s school, the King's School, still exists today. Rochester became the second episcopal see on the British Isles after Canterbury. In 676, Rochester was sacked by Æthelred of Mercia. In the Viking Age, the city was sacked by the Danes in 842 and 884. In 877, Alfred of Wessex ordered ships to be built to fight the Danes. This heralded the era of shipbuilding in the towns on the Medway. In 930, Rochester was granted the right to mint coins. Around 1100 Bishop Gundulf began building the new Rochester Cathedral on the remains of the former cathedral. The cathedral was completed in 1130. In 1215, the city was conquered by John, King of England (John Lackland) and attacked by Simon V de Montfort in 1264. The castle was probably built shortly after the Norman conquest of England in 1066. The castle is first mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086. During the rebellion of 1088 against the new King William II, the king learnt that Bishop Odo of Bayeux, one of the leaders of the rebels, was on his way from Rochester to Pevensey, a castle belonging to Robert of Mortain. The king reacted quickly and was able to capture his two uncles Robert and Odo. Odo was made to swear that he would persuade the garrison of Rochester Castle to surrender, and the king sent him to the castle with a small force. When they called on the citizens of Rochester to open the gates, the castle garrison made a mounted charge, overpowered the royal soldiers and entered the city in triumph with the freed Bishop Odo. The enraged king immediately began the siege of Rochester. After a siege lasting several weeks, the castle garrison including Bishop Odo, Eustach of Boulogne and Robert of Bellême were forced to surrender. The rebels were allowed to leave England with their horses and weapons, but lost their English possessions and titles. This was the first of three sieges in the Middle Ages that ruined the castle complex so that a slow decline began. In 1314, Elizabeth de Burgh, the wife of the Scottish king who was in English captivity, was briefly held prisoner in the castle. In 1363, King Edward III decided to carry out extensive renovations. The castle was renovated and the two towers on the eastern curtain wall were erected. Between 1383 and 1393, a new stone bridge was built over the Medway. However, the castle had lost its military importance and fell into disrepair. In 1599, Queen Elizabeth I authorised the demolition of parts of the curtain wall so that the stones could be used to strengthen the coastal defences.

Rochester, today a town with a population of around 24,000, was founded by the Romans in 43 AD as a fortified town with a bridge over the Medway River. The area had been inhabited by Romano-British, Jutes and Saxons since the Anglo-Saxon conquest in the middle of the 5th century. In 604, St Augustine of Canterbury sent Justus to build a cathedral near Rochester. The cathedral´s school, the King's School, still exists today. Rochester became the second episcopal see on the British Isles after Canterbury. In 676, Rochester was sacked by Æthelred of Mercia. In the Viking Age, the city was sacked by the Danes in 842 and 884. In 877, Alfred of Wessex ordered ships to be built to fight the Danes. This heralded the era of shipbuilding in the towns on the Medway. In 930, Rochester was granted the right to mint coins. Around 1100 Bishop Gundulf began building the new Rochester Cathedral on the remains of the former cathedral. The cathedral was completed in 1130. In 1215, the city was conquered by John, King of England (John Lackland) and attacked by Simon V de Montfort in 1264.

Richard I of England (aka "Richard Lionheart") was taken prisoner on his return from the Third Crusade by Leopold V, Duke of Austria. He was imprisoned was imprisoned in Dürnstein Castle and later Trifels Castle and was finally released after Emperor Henry VI had received 100,000 pounds of silver as ransom. During this time his brother John Lackland revolted against him with the aid of Philip II of France. Richard Lionheart, who was King of England and Duke of Normandy had this castle built in record time of only two years from 1196 on. After Richard´s death in 1199 the Château Gaillard was taken in 1204 by Philip II, after a lengthy siege. The castle changed hands several times in the Hundred Years' War, but in 1449 the French king captured Château Gaillard from the English definitively, and from then on it remained in French ownership. Henry IV of France ordered the demolition of Château Gaillard in 1599. .. and during the "Tour de France" the wall of the castle is decorated "with a giant "maillot jaune".

The city of Thiviers has been conquered, ruined and looted a couple of times. At the end of the 12th century it was English, taken by Richard Lionheart, later it was French again. Lionheart´s brother John Lackland conquered Thiviers in 1211, but only a year later, it was reconquered by French troops. 1374 - 1376 it was English again, before finally Charles VI. (aka "le Bien-Aimé", "le Fou") took over. In 1575, during the Wars of Religion, Thiviers was conquered by Calvinists, who ruined the church and massacred the Catholic population. So Notre-Dame de l'Assomption is the result of many rebuilding and reconstruction periods. The last one was completed within the 19th century. Only the transept and some capitals date back to the 12th century. Here is one of the capitals. The two executioners, holding the doomed offender, on their way to work. Poor guy!

The city of Thiviers has been conquered, ruined and looted a couple of times. At the end of the 12th century it was English, taken by Richard Lionheart, later it was French again. Lionheart´s brother John Lackland conquered Thiviers in 1211, but only a year later, it was reconquered by French troops. 1374 - 1376 it was English again, before finally Charles VI. (aka "le Bien-Aimé", "le Fou") took over. In 1575, during the Wars of Religion, Thiviers was conquered by Calvinists, who ruined the church and massacred the Catholic population. So Notre-Dame de l'Assomption is the result of many rebuilding and reconstruction periods. The last one was completed within the 19th century. Only the transept and some capitals date back to the 12th century. Here is one of the capitals. Are the lions (and the puppet-like riders) beiong devoured by the large heads on the corners? Or do the lions share these heads? Or... what about the body below the lions in the center. What do the puppets hold in their hands. Why is the left rider so much larger, but sits wrong around on the lion? Or...

The city of Thiviers has been conquered, ruined and looted a couple of times. At the end of the 12th century it was English, taken by Richard Lionheart, later it was French again. Lionheart´s brother John Lackland conquered Thiviers in 1211, but only a year later, it was reconquered by French troops. 1374 - 1376 it was English again, before finally Charles VI. (aka "le Bien-Aimé", "le Fou") took over. In 1575, during the Wars of Religion, Thiviers was conquered by Calvinists, who ruined the church and massacred the Catholic population. So Notre-Dame de l'Assomption is the result of many rebuilding and reconstruction periods. The last one was completed within the 19th century. Only the transept and some capitals date back to the 12th century. Here is one of the capitals. Huge, dangerous, wild creatures devour poor souls.

The city of Thiviers has been conquered, ruined and looted a couple of times. At the end of the 12th century it was English, taken by Richard Lionheart, later it was French again. Lionheart´s brother John Lackland conquered Thiviers in 1211, but only a year later, it was reconquered by French troops. 1374 - 1376 it was English again, before finally Charles VI. (aka "le Bien-Aimé", "le Fou") took over. In 1575, during the Wars of Religion, Thiviers was conquered by Calvinists, who ruined the church and massacred the Catholic population. So Notre-Dame de l'Assomption is the result of many rebuilding and reconstruction periods. The last one was completed within the 19th century. Only the transept (and some capitals) date back to the 12th century.

Fontevraud Abbey, founded in 1101 by itinerant reforming preacher Robert d'Arbrissel followed his concept of the "ideal city". It was a "double monastery", that was always led by a woman. From the very beginning the convent had a strong support from the aristocracy, above all from the House of Plantagenet. The list of the abbesses is like a "who is who" of the medieval nobility. Eleanor of Aquitaine, one of the most powerful ladies of medieval times, joined the convent, when she retired from the political power game in 1200. She died here in 1204. This church was the chosen burial place for the House of Plantagenet. In the center of the nave, near the choir, are the tombs. The recumbent effigies from the early 13th century still have some of the original colours. Richard I of England (1157 – 1199) (aka "Richard Lionheart", "Richard Coeur de Lion", "Richard Loewenherz", "Richard Plantagenêt") son of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, Count of Poitiers, Count of Anjou, King of England. Eldest son of Henry II of England. He commanded an "own" armee against his father at the age of 16. He was King of England since 1189. During the 3rd Crusade, he was one of the commanders, leading the campaign after the departure of Philip II of France. Prisoner of Leopold V, Duke of Austria, and Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, between Dec. 1102 and Feb. 1104. England paid a ransom of 65.000 pounds of silver. Taxes rose, what caused local uproars in England. He died, after being wounded by a crossbow bolt during the siege of Chalus (Haute-Vienne), in the arms of his mother.

Fontevraud Abbey, founded in 1101 by itinerant reforming preacher Robert d'Arbrissel followed his concept of the "ideal city". It was a "double monastery", that was always led by a woman. From the very beginning the convent had a strong support from the aristocracy, above all from the House of Plantagenet. The list of the abbesses is like a "who is who" of the medieval nobility. Eleanor of Aquitaine, one of the most powerful ladies of medieval times, joined the convent, when she retired from the political power game in 1200. She died here in 1204. This church was the chosen burial place for the House of Plantagenet. In the center of the nave, near the choir, are the tombs. The recumbent effigies from the early 13th century still have some of the original colours. Here are the tombs of Richard I of England (1157 – 1199) (aka "Richard Lionheart", "Richard Coeur de Lion", "Richard Loewenherz", "Richard Plantagenêt") son of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, Count of Poitiers, Count of Anjou, King of England. Isabella of Angoulême (1188 – 1246) (aka "Isabelle d'Angoulême") spouse of Henry II of England´s and Eleanor of Aquitaine´s son John, King of England (aka "John Lackland", "Jean sans Terre"), Queen consort of England, spouse of Hugh X of Lusignan, Countess of Angoulême. Richard was son of Eleanor and King Henry II (previous uploads), Isabella was their daughter in law. Richard´s effigy is carved from stone, Isabella´s from wood. Nobody knows why. I was very surprised of Richard´s shoe size. Maybe the marches to Jerusalem and back (3rd crusade) caused that. The way back home took very long, Leopold V, Duke of Austria and later Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, kept him prisoner between Dec. 1102 and Feb. 1104. 65,000 pounds of silver were delivered to Austria as ransom. Rumours say, that the more than 300 million "Maria Theresa Thalers", silver coins minted by the Austrians between 1751 and 2000 all contained at least some "English silver".

Fontevraud Abbey, founded in 1101 by itinerant reforming preacher Robert d'Arbrissel followed his concept of the "ideal city". It was a "double monastery", that was always led by a woman. From the very beginning the convent had a strong support from the aristocracy, above all from the House of Plantagenet. The list of the abbesses is like a "who is who" of the medieval nobility. Eleanor of Aquitaine, one of the most powerful ladies of medieval times, joined the convent, when she retired from the political power game in 1200. She died here in 1204. This church was the chosen burial place for the House of Plantagenet. In the center of the nave, near the choir, are four tombs. The recumbent effigies from the early 13th century still have some of the original colours. Here are the tombs of Henry II of England (1133 – 1189) (aka "Curtmantle", Court-manteau", "FitzEmpress", "Henry Plantagenet") Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Nantes, King of England. Eleanor of Aquitaine (1122 – 1204) (aka "Aliénor d'Aquitaine") Duchess of Aquitaine, Spouse of King Louis VII of France (two children), Queen consort of France, Spouse of King Henry II of England (eight children), Queen consort of England. Richard I of England (1157 – 1199) (aka "Richard Lionheart", "Richard Coeur de Lion", "Richard Loewenherz", "Richard Plantagenêt") son of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, Count of Poitiers, Count of Anjou, King of England. Isabella of Angoulême (1188 – 1246) (aka "Isabelle d'Angoulême") spouse of Henry II of England´s and Eleanor of Aquitaine´s son John, King of England (aka "John Lackland", "Jean sans Terre"), Queen consort of England, spouse of Hugh X of Lusignan, Countess of Angoulême.