Martin M. Miles' photos with the keyword: Edward I of England

Berwick-upon-Tweed is the northernmost town in England. Although the town is on the northern (Scottish) side of the river, it is part of England as the border runs around Berwick, making it the only part of England north of the Tweed. Due to its location, Berwick held a key strategic position in the wars between England and Scotland for more than 300 years from the mid-11th century, and was the scene of a number of key events in the Anglo-Scottish Border Wars. In 1174, Berwick passed to England as a pledge for the subjugation of William I of Scotland, who had been captured by Henry II of England in an attempt to conquer Northumberland. In 1190, William I bought back his independence from Richard I (Richard the Lionheart) for 10,000 marks, which Richard needed to finance his crusade, and Berwick became Scottish again. In 1216, the town was destroyed by the English King John (Lackland). In 1296 Berwick was stormed and plundered by Edward I of England. Almost all the inhabitants remaining in the town were slain. The Berwick Bridge (aka Old Bridge) was built between 1611 and 1624. There were four previous bridges on the same site, two of which were destroyed by floods (the original bridge in 1199 and the third bridge in 1294), one by an English attack in 1216, while the last bridge, built in 1376, stood until King James I of England ordered the construction of the current bridge. The bridge is 355m long and 5m wide - and is being restored.

Berwick-upon-Tweed is the northernmost town in England. Although the town is on the northern (Scottish) side of the river, it is part of England as the border runs around Berwick, making it the only part of England north of the Tweed. Due to its location, Berwick held a key strategic position in the wars between England and Scotland for more than 300 years from the mid-11th century, and was the scene of a number of key events in the Anglo-Scottish Border Wars. In 1174, Berwick passed to England as a pledge for the subjugation of William I of Scotland, who had been captured by Henry II of England in an attempt to conquer Northumberland. In 1190, William I bought back his independence from Richard I (Richard the Lionheart) for 10,000 marks, which Richard needed to finance his crusade, and Berwick became Scottish again. In 1216, the town was destroyed by the English King John (Lackland). In 1296 Berwick was stormed and plundered by Edward I of England. Almost all the inhabitants remaining in the town were slain. The Needle Works www.visitberwick.com/where-to-go/needle-works-wool-shop

Berwick-upon-Tweed is the northernmost town in England. Although the town is on the northern (Scottish) side of the river, it is part of England as the border runs around Berwick, making it the only part of England north of the Tweed. Due to its location, Berwick held a key strategic position in the wars between England and Scotland for more than 300 years from the mid-11th century, and was the scene of a number of key events in the Anglo-Scottish Border Wars. In 1174, Berwick passed to England as a pledge for the subjugation of William I of Scotland, who had been captured by Henry II of England in an attempt to conquer Northumberland. In 1190, William I bought back his independence from Richard I (Richard the Lionheart) for 10,000 marks, which Richard needed to finance his crusade, and Berwick became Scottish again. In 1216, the town was destroyed by the English King John (Lackland). In 1296 Berwick was stormed and plundered by Edward I of England. Almost all the inhabitants remaining in the town were slain. The current building was commissioned to replace an earlier building. The construction of the new town hall began in 1754 and was opened as Berwick Town Hall in 1760. A 46 m belfry and clock tower with a weather vane towered above the portico. After WWII the proposed demolition of the town hall was considered by the borough council, but in the end it was extensively refurbished instead.

Fleurance was founded as a bastide in the 13th century. It lies in the heart of the former province of Gascony. The name Fleurance is a reference to the Italian city of Florence. Curiously, in the region there are other such references to cities in Europe, such as Geaune (Genoa), Pavie (Pavia), Miélan (Milan), Koln (Cologne) or Plaisance (Piacenza). Fleurance was built on a hill on a regular plan. After Philippe le Bel Fleurance ceded to Edward I of England in 1287, the latter helped finance brick walls in 1292. The center of the bastide is this building which originally was supported by 28 wooden posts. The building was dilapidated and was rebuilt in 1786. This new building burnt down in 1833. The rebuilding was completed in 1850 and now sixty square stone pillars support the story and create the covered market.

Fleurance was founded as a bastide in the 13th century. It lies in the heart of the former province of Gascony. The name Fleurance is a reference to the Italian city of Florence. Curiously, in the region there are other such references to cities in Europe, such as Geaune (Genoa), Pavie (Pavia), Miélan (Milan), Koln (Cologne) or Plaisance (Piacenza). Fleurance was built on a hill on a regular plan. After Philippe le Bel Fleurance ceded to Edward I of England in 1287, the latter helped finance brick walls in 1292. The center of the bastide is this building which originally was supported by 28 wooden posts. The building was dilapidated and was rebuilt in 1786. This new building burnt down in 1833. The rebuilding was completed in 1850 and now sixty square stone pillars support the story and create the covered market.

Fleurance was founded as a bastide in the 13th century. It lies in the heart of the former province of Gascony. The name Fleurance is a reference to the Italian city of Florence. Curiously, in the region there are other such references to cities in Europe, such as Geaune (Genoa), Pavie (Pavia), Miélan (Milan), Koln (Cologne) or Plaisance (Piacenza). Fleurance was built on a hill on a regular plan. After Philippe le Bel Fleurance ceded to Edward I of England in 1287, the latter helped finance brick walls in 1292. A few years later, the construction of Saint-Laurent begins. The imposing church (70 m long and 35 m wide) is an example of the Southern Gothic style. The influence of Toulouse is very evident in this construction.

The abbey "Sainte-Marie d'Arthous" was founded around 1160. This was filiation of the Premonstratensian "Abbaye de la Case-Dieu" in Gers (120 kms east). The building of the church, seen here, was started soon after. It got already consecrated in 1167. The neighbouring bastide Hastingues was founded in 1289 by John Hastings, seneschal of Gascony. This was done following a treaty between Edward I of England, Duke of Aquitaine and the monks of the Abbaye d'Arthous. During the War of Religions the abbey got ruined and lost the importance it once had. Though restored, only 5 monks lived here in 1766, so after the Revolution the abbey was sold by the state - and used as a farm. Two warriors fight a scaly beast/dragon with two heads. The larger left head of the dangerous creature is damaged.

The abbey "Sainte-Marie d'Arthous" was founded around 1160. This was filiation of the Premonstratensian "Abbaye de la Case-Dieu" in Gers (120 kms east). The building of the church, seen here, was started soon after. It got already consecrated in 1167. The neighbouring bastide Hastingues was founded in 1289 by John Hastings, seneschal of Gascony. This was done following a treaty between Edward I of England, Duke of Aquitaine and the monks of the Abbaye d'Arthous. During the War of Religions the abbey got ruined and lost the importance it once had. Though restored, only 5 monks lived here in 1766, so after the Revolution the abbey was sold by the state - and used as a farm. The person to the right is a musician, holding a vielle. What is the person to the left holding in his hands? A musical instrument as well? Or a club?

The abbey "Sainte-Marie d'Arthous" was founded around 1160. This was filiation of the Premonstratensian "Abbaye de la Case-Dieu" in Gers (120 kms east). The building of the church, seen here, was started soon after. It got already consecrated in 1167. The neighbouring bastide Hastingues was founded in 1289 by John Hastings, seneschal of Gascony. This was done following a treaty between Edward I of England, Duke of Aquitaine and the monks of the Abbaye d'Arthous. During the War of Religions the abbey got ruined and lost the importance it once had. Though restored, only 5 monks lived here in 1766, so after the Revolution the abbey was sold by the state - and used as a farm. A bear or wolf on the right and a talented flute player to the left. Does he play a "double flute", known as "diple" or "dvojnice" in Croatia and Serbia?

The abbey "Sainte-Marie d'Arthous" was founded around 1160. This was filiation of the Premonstratensian "Abbaye de la Case-Dieu" in Gers (120 kms east). The building of the church, seen here, was started soon after. It got already consecrated in 1167. The neighbouring bastide Hastingues was founded in 1289 by John Hastings, seneschal of Gascony. This was done following a treaty between Edward I of England, Duke of Aquitaine and the monks of the Abbaye d'Arthous. During the War of Religions the abbey got ruined and lost the importance it once had. Though restored, only 5 monks lived here in 1766, so after the Revolution the abbey was sold by the state - and used as a farm. The abbey church is known for extraordinary corbels and capitals around the apses. I have never seen a creature like the left one. It could be a armless mermaid with very long hair.

The abbey "Sainte-Marie d'Arthous" was founded around 1160. This was filiation of the Premonstratensian "Abbaye de la Case-Dieu" in Gers (120 kms east). The building of the church, seen here, was started soon after. It got already consecrated in 1167. The neighbouring bastide Hastingues was founded in 1289 by John Hastings, seneschal of Gascony. This was done following a treaty between Edward I of England, Duke of Aquitaine and the monks of the Abbaye d'Arthous. During the War of Religions the abbey got ruined and lost the importance it once had. Though restored, only 5 monks lived here in 1766, so after the Revolution the abbey was sold by the state - and used as a farm. The abbey church is known for some extraordinary corbels and capitals around the apses. Here is the "Flight into Egypt" on two corresponding capitals.

The abbey "Sainte-Marie d'Arthous" was founded around 1160. This was filiation of the Premonstratensian "Abbaye de la Case-Dieu" in Gers (120 kms east). The building of the church, seen here, was started soon after. It got already consecrated in 1167. The neighbouring bastide Hastingues was founded in 1289 by John Hastings, seneschal of Gascony. This was done following a treaty between Edward I of England, Duke of Aquitaine and the monks of the Abbaye d'Arthous. During the War of Religions the abbey got ruined and lost the importance it once had. Though restored, only 5 monks lived here in 1766, so after the Revolution the abbey was sold by the state - and used as a farm. The abbey church is known for some extraordinary corbels around the apses. Here are three twosomes. Two naked Luxurae, holding snakes, two clerics with cross and a holy water dispenser (looks like a shaving brush), two bald men (straight from a Flying Saucer in Roswell). One holds a sword (= war?) and the other a branch (= peace?). What is that small ball near the elbow of the left guy.

The abbey "Sainte-Marie d'Arthous" was founded around 1160. This was filiation of the Premonstratensian "Abbaye de la Case-Dieu" in Gers (120 kms east). The building of the church, seen here, was started soon after. It got already consecrated in 1167. The neighbouring bastide Hastingues was founded in 1289 by John Hastings, seneschal of Gascony. This was done following a treaty between Edward I of England, Duke of Aquitaine and the monks of the Abbaye d'Arthous. During the War of Religions the abbey got ruined and lost the importance it once had. Though restored, only 5 monks lived here in 1766, so after the Revolution the abbey was sold by the state - and used as a farm. The abbey church is known for some extraordinary corbels around the apses. Here are three of them: A grimacing head ("mouth puller"), a musician (playing the dolio) and a kind of lion (?) with a curly fur and a very small head. Note the small human head between the leaves to the right. A strange kind of bud.

The abbey "Sainte-Marie d'Arthous" was founded around 1160. This was filiation of the Premonstratensian "Abbaye de la Case-Dieu" in Gers (120 kms east). The building of the church, seen here, was started soon after. It got already consecrated in 1167. The neighbouring bastide Hastingues was founded in 1289 by John Hastings, seneschal of Gascony. This was done following a treaty between Edward I of England, Duke of Aquitaine and the monks of the Abbaye d'Arthous. During the War of Religions the abbey got ruined and lost the importance it once had. Though restored, only 5 monks lived here in 1766, so after the Revolution the abbey was sold by the state - and used as a farm. The church is known for some extraordinary corbels around the apses. The abbey was founded to support the pilgrims on their way to Santiago de Compostela. Still today the "pelerins" find a place to here www.arthous.landes.org/index.php?id=715