Martin M. Miles' photos with the keyword: Fünte

Hann. Münden (short for Hannoversch Münden) lies at the confluence of the Fulda and Werra rivers, which join to form the Weser. The founding of the city is not exactly documented. The first mention in a document from 1183 speaks of a city. Around the year 1200 the construction of the city fortifications of Münden began as a city wall with city gates and wall towers. The shoal of the Werrahohl on the outskirts of the city, which forced the boatmen to unload their goods in the city, was advantageous for Münden. In the 16th century, Münden was an important trading town. Accordingly, trading, transhipment and mooring places along the Werra and Fulda shipping routes developed on the western and northern outskirts of the old town. Above all, woad, glass, textiles and rafts with wood and grain were traded and transported. Herring and other fish came up the Weser from the North Sea. At the beginning of the 14th century there were about 500 houses in the village. In 1525 Elisabeth von Brandenburg was granted Münden as a dominion. Elisabeth came into contact with the ideas of the Reformation early on and brought the reformer Antonius Corvinus to Münden. In 1776 almost 20,000 Hessian soldiers were embarked in Münden, who had been hired out by the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel Friedrich II to the Hanoverian Elector and King of Great Britain, George III. They were "used" in combat against American troops in the American Revolutionary War. The return of the soldiers also took place via Münden in November 1783, but hardly more than half returned. - Three predecessor churches existed, where St. Blasiu is now. Around 1000 there was a chapel, it was extended to the west around 1150 with a Romanesque building. From 1180 to 1190 an extension to the Romanesque basilica with round apses in the side aisles was made, which later burned down. Today's building was erected in three phases on the foundations of the Romanesque church. From 1260 to 1280 the first bay and the chancel were built. According to an inscription to the left of the south portal, the second phase of construction was completed from 1487 to 1519 with the addition of a sacristy and the substructure of the tower. The ship was also completed at this time.The year 1488 is preserved above the rise of the tower. The tower was completed in the third construction phase from 1535 to 1584. It is octagonal, 58 meters high. From 1584 to 1929 watchmen watched over the city from here. - The bronze baptismal font is the oldest piece of art in this church. It was cast in 1392 by Nikolaus Stettin.

Hann. Münden (short for Hannoversch Münden) lies at the confluence of the Fulda and Werra rivers, which join to form the Weser. The founding of the city is not exactly documented. The first mention in a document from 1183 speaks of a city. Around the year 1200 the construction of the city fortifications of Münden began as a city wall with city gates and wall towers. The shoal of the Werrahohl on the outskirts of the city, which forced the boatmen to unload their goods in the city, was advantageous for Münden. In the 16th century, Münden was an important trading town. Accordingly, trading, transhipment and mooring places along the Werra and Fulda shipping routes developed on the western and northern outskirts of the old town. Above all, woad, glass, textiles and rafts with wood and grain were traded and transported. Herring and other fish came up the Weser from the North Sea. At the beginning of the 14th century there were about 500 houses in the village. In 1525 Elisabeth von Brandenburg was granted Münden as a dominion. Elisabeth came into contact with the ideas of the Reformation early on and brought the reformer Antonius Corvinus to Münden. In 1776 almost 20,000 Hessian soldiers were embarked in Münden, who had been hired out by the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel Friedrich II to the Hanoverian Elector and King of Great Britain, George III. They were "used" in combat against American troops in the American Revolutionary War. The return of the soldiers also took place via Münden in November 1783, but hardly more than half returned. - Three predecessor churches existed, where St. Blasiu is now. Around 1000 there was a chapel, it was extended to the west around 1150 with a Romanesque building. From 1180 to 1190 an extension to the Romanesque basilica with round apses in the side aisles was made, which later burned down. Today's building was erected in three phases on the foundations of the Romanesque church. From 1260 to 1280 the first bay and the chancel were built. According to an inscription to the left of the south portal, the second phase of construction was completed from 1487 to 1519 with the addition of a sacristy and the substructure of the tower. The ship was also completed at this time.The year 1488 is preserved above the rise of the tower. The tower was completed in the third construction phase from 1535 to 1584. It is octagonal, 58 meters high. From 1584 to 1929 watchmen watched over the city from here. - The bronze baptismal font is the oldest piece of art in this church. It was cast in 1392 by Nikolaus Stettin.

Through Charlemagne, the mission base here became a bishop's see in 804. The Bishop was granted market, minting and customs rights by King Otto III in 989. He held the secular power in the Harzgau and thus over the inhabitants of Halberstadt. The first cathedral was consecrated in 992. By 1068, there was already an emerging merchant class, under which the city began to emancipate itself from control by the bishop's see around about 1105. In 1146, possibly the first Jews arrived in Halberstadt coming from Halle. In 1189 Jews persecuted during the Third Crusade reached the city. In 1261, the first episcopal letter of protection is documented for them. Henry the Lion destroyed the city, cathedral and cathedral castle in 1179 in the course of a feud by setting a major fire. In 1199 the construction of the city wall is mentioned for the first time, which lasted until 1236. Between 1236 and 1239, the construction of the new cathedral began. In 1241, a town hall for the city is mentioned for the first time; moreover, the city already had its own seal at this time. In 1343 the Jews were attacked by the Counts of Mansfeld and Regenstein and fled, a decade later the new so-called "Judendorf" became the first closed Jewish settlement in the city. St. Martini was probably founded in the 10th century. It was first mentioned in 1186. The building is a five-bay Gothic hall church. The octagonal spires of different heights are connected by a covered bridge. The choir is associated with indulgences in the years 1267, 1274 and 1285. The west building was probably started before 1311, the date when the church was placed under the Johannisstift. The city of Halberstadt was 82 percent destroyed by bombing at the end of WWII. The degree of destruction of the Martini Church was also estimated at 80%. From 1945 to 1954 St. Martini was restored. The main focus was on the restoration of the towers and the roof, which characterize the cityscape. The bronze baptismal font is a work from the end of the 13th century. It is carried by four men, symbolizing the rivers of paradise. There are nine flat reliefs depicting the childhood and youth of Christ. The coloring was renewed in the 19th century. The "Slaughter of the Innocents". The souls of the innocent kids are in Abraham's bosom.

Through Charlemagne, the mission base here became a bishop's see in 804. The Bishop was granted market, minting and customs rights by King Otto III in 989. He held the secular power in the Harzgau and thus over the inhabitants of Halberstadt. The first cathedral was consecrated in 992. By 1068, there was already an emerging merchant class, under which the city began to emancipate itself from control by the bishop's see around about 1105. In 1146, possibly the first Jews arrived in Halberstadt coming from Halle. In 1189 Jews persecuted during the Third Crusade reached the city. In 1261, the first episcopal letter of protection is documented for them. Henry the Lion destroyed the city, cathedral and cathedral castle in 1179 in the course of a feud by setting a major fire. In 1199 the construction of the city wall is mentioned for the first time, which lasted until 1236. Between 1236 and 1239, the construction of the new cathedral began. In 1241, a town hall for the city is mentioned for the first time; moreover, the city already had its own seal at this time. In 1343 the Jews were attacked by the Counts of Mansfeld and Regenstein and fled, a decade later the new so-called "Judendorf" became the first closed Jewish settlement in the city. St. Martini was probably founded in the 10th century. It was first mentioned in 1186. The building is a five-bay Gothic hall church. The octagonal spires of different heights are connected by a covered bridge. The choir is associated with indulgences in the years 1267, 1274 and 1285. The west building was probably started before 1311, the date when the church was placed under the Johannisstift. The city of Halberstadt was 82 percent destroyed by bombing at the end of WWII. The degree of destruction of the Martini Church was also estimated at 80%. From 1945 to 1954 St. Martini was restored. The main focus was on the restoration of the towers and the roof, which characterize the cityscape. The bronze baptismal font is a work from the end of the 13th century. It is carried by four men, symbolizing the rivers of paradise. There are nine flat reliefs depicting the childhood and youth of Christ. The coloring was renewed in the 19th century. The Adoration of the Magi - More medieval bronze www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/album/1275098

Through Charlemagne, the mission base here became a bishop's see in 804. The Bishop was granted market, minting and customs rights by King Otto III in 989. He held the secular power in the Harzgau and thus over the inhabitants of Halberstadt. The first cathedral was consecrated in 992. By 1068, there was already an emerging merchant class, under which the city began to emancipate itself from control by the bishop's see around about 1105. In 1146, possibly the first Jews arrived in Halberstadt coming from Halle. In 1189 Jews persecuted during the Third Crusade reached the city. In 1261, the first episcopal letter of protection is documented for them. Henry the Lion destroyed the city, cathedral and cathedral castle in 1179 in the course of a feud by setting a major fire. In 1199 the construction of the city wall is mentioned for the first time, which lasted until 1236. Between 1236 and 1239, the construction of the new cathedral began. In 1241, a town hall for the city is mentioned for the first time; moreover, the city already had its own seal at this time. In 1343 the Jews were attacked by the Counts of Mansfeld and Regenstein and fled, a decade later the new so-called "Judendorf" became the first closed Jewish settlement in the city. St. Martini was probably founded in the 10th century. It was first mentioned in 1186. The building is a five-bay Gothic hall church. The octagonal spires of different heights are connected by a covered bridge. The choir is associated with indulgences in the years 1267, 1274 and 1285. The west building was probably started before 1311, the date when the church was placed under the Johannisstift. The city of Halberstadt was 82 percent destroyed by bombing at the end of WWII. The degree of destruction of the Martini Church was also estimated at 80%. From 1945 to 1954 St. Martini was restored. The main focus was on the restoration of the towers and the roof, which characterize the cityscape. The bronze baptismal font is a work from the end of the 13th century. It is carried by four men, symbolizing the rivers of paradise. There are nine flat reliefs depicting the childhood and youth of Christ. The coloring was renewed in the 19th century. The Nativity

Already in the 7th century, it was the location of a fortified Slavonic settlement, at a ford in the Vistula river. Thorn was established in 1231 under the administration of the Teutonic Order. The Teutonic Order had been called earlier by the Polish Duke Conrad of Mazovia to Christianize the pagan Baltic Pruzzes. However, the Order became active only after Emperor Frederick II granted it the right to rule over the land to be conquered in 1226. The foundation stone of the city of Thorn was laid in 1231 and soon after immigrants from Westphalia populated the town. In the 14th century, Thorn joined the Hanseatic League. The Order's efforts to simultaneously expand its sovereignty and control trade led to warlike conflicts. The city was captured by Poland in 1410 during the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War however, after the First Peace of Thorn was signed in 1411, the city fell back to the Teutonic Order. In the 1420s, Polish King Władysław II Jagiełło built the Dybów Castle, located in present-day left-bank Toruń. In 1440, the gentry of Thorn co-founded the Prussian Confederation to further oppose the Knights' policies. The Confederation rose against the Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights in 1454 and its delegation submitted a petition to Polish King Casimir IV Jagiellon asking him to regain power over the region as the rightful ruler. These events led to the Thirteen Years' War. The citizens of the city conquered the Teutonic castle and dismantled the fortifications. In May 1454, a ceremony was held in Toruń, during which the nobility, knights, landowners, mayors, and local officials solemnly swore allegiance to the Polish King. During the war, Toruń financially supported the Polish Army. The Thirteen Years' War ended in 1466, with the Second Peace of Thorn, in which the Teutonic Order renounced any claims to the city and recognized it as part of Poland. During the Great Northern War (Deluge), the city was besieged by Swedish troops. In the second half of the 17th century, tensions between Catholics and Protestants grew. In the early 18th century about half of the population, especially the gentry and middle class, was German-speaking and Protestant, while the other half was Polish-speaking Roman Catholic. The old town of Torun is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. - The erection of the Toruń Cathedral (Church of St. John the Baptist and St. John the Evangelist) was started as a parish church of the old town in about 1270 in the form of a basilica. In 1351, a fire destroyed parts of the building, after which the nave was renewed, abandoning the basilical scheme in favor of a hall church. In 1406 the church tower collapsed, it was rebuilt from 1407 to 1433. Since 1557 the church was evangelical. From 1583 to 1596 Protestants and Catholics used it together. Nicolaus Copernicus was baptised in this early Gothic bronze font in 1473. The baroque lid is younger than the basin.

Elbląg´s history dates back to 1237 when the Teutonic Order constructed a fortified stronghold here. The castle subsequently served as the official seat of the Teutonic Order Masters. The city itself was founded under the protection of the Teutonic Order by craftsmen and merchants coming from Lübeck. In 1246, Elblag was granted city rights according to Luebian law. Elbląg became part of the Hanseatic League, which contributed much to the city's wealth. At the beginning of the 14th century, the city had grown so much that in 1337 the Commander Siegfried von Sitten laid out the Elblag New Town outside the gates. In 1397 the "Eidechsenbund" ("Lizard League") was formed and the rebellion of the nobility and towns against the rule of the Order began. After the Battle of Grunwald (Battle of Tannenberg) Polish troops besieged the Elbing Castle of the Order in 1414, but without success. In 1478 the previously independent halves of the town, the Old and New Towns of Elbing, merged. Elbląg joined Poland in 1454 and after the defeat of the Teutonic Knights in the Thirteen Years’ War was recognized as part of Poland. The Katedra św. Mikołaja (St. Nikolauskirche) was originally a parish church. It is the cathedral of the Elbląg diocese since 1992. The origins date back to the mid-13th century. Over the course of two centuries, the church was gradually enlarged. From 1573 to 1617 the church served as the main church of the Lutheran congregation, but then it was given back to the Catholics On April 26, 1777 lightning struck the tower, which burst into flames, followed by the entire church. Shortly after the fire, the vaults collapsed. In a difficult financial situation, the city could not rebuild the church in its original appearance. All towers were demolished and the church was finished more than 6.5 meters lower with baroque dome vaults. The triple gable roof was replaced by a single gable roof. In 1790 the main altar was reconstructed. The Gothic bronze baptismal font was cast in 1387 by Master Bernhauser.

Schwerin is the capital German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, with less than 100000 inhabitants it is the least populous of all German state capitals. Schwerin is enclosed by lakes. In the middle part of these lakes was a settlement of the Slavic Abodrites way before 1000. The settlement was first mentioned in 1018. After Henry the Lion had defeated the Abodrites, he had the defences rebuilt and granted city rights. 1160 is therefore traditionally regarded as the "German" year of Schwerin's foundation. After Henry the Lion had now subjugated the lands of the Obotrites, he appointed a bishop in the (already abandoned) bishopric of Mecklenburg. This bishop moved the bishopric from remote Mecklenburg to Schwerin in 1167. There, in the presence of Henry the Lion himself, an act of consecration took place in 1171 on the Romanesque predecessor building of today's cathedral. At this time, only the apse will have been completed. The entire cathedral was not consecrated until 1248. Of this building, not much is left. When Count Heinrich von Schwerin returned from the Crusade in 1222 he presented the church the valuable relic of the Holy Blood. So the cathedral became the most important pilgrimage church in north-eastern Germany. The Romanesque basilica was too small - and so the construction of the new Schwerin Cathedral began around 1270. In 1327 the new choir was completed. By the end of the 14th century, the transept and the nave were finished except for the vaults. Builders from Stralsund completed the windows of the nave and its vaulting in 1416, thus ending the building history of the Gothic basilica of Schwerin Cathedral. The very most of the cathedral´s medieval furnishing got lost during the iconoclasms of the Reformation and the later "renovations". None of the 42 side-altars survived and even the "Holy Blood" relic was burned by Duke Johann Albrecht around 1550. The octagonal bronze baptismal font has survived the centuries. Before the Reformation, the children were baptised Catholic here, afterwards Protestant. The baptismal font was cast by an unkown masterprobably in Schwerin at the end of the 13th century.

Mölln is a small town (pop. ~20.000) surrounded by lakes. It was founded in the 12th century by Knight Konrad Wackerbarth by resettling Slavic peasants into today's Old Mölln. Around 1210, the settlement got the first fortifications. First time mentioned was the village 1188 in Barbarossa's privilege for Lübeck. Mölln fell to Denmark in 1201 and was granted "Lübische Stadtrecht" (town charter) by King Waldemar II. 25 years later Mölln fell to the Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg in 1227. In 1230 Mölln was mentioned as the youngest parish in the Ratzeburg tithe register. The church, which was probably built around this time, was placed under the patrocinium of St. Nicholas. Mölln was important due to the Old Salt Route, through which the salt produced in the salt mines of Lüneburg was shipped to the harbour of Lübeck. Although situated in the midst of the duchy of Lauenburg, the town was mortgaged to the Hanseatic town of Lübeck, which ruled Mölln from 1359 to 1683. St. Nicolai, the parish church, is located on the highest point, overlooking the town and the seas around. The construction started probably at the end of the 12th century. The oldest parts can be attributed to the Brick Romanesque period, the south nave to the Brick Gothic period. The choir room was probably finished around 1217, when the Bishop of Ratzeburg held his first synod here. In the 15th century, the church underwent alterations: in 1470/71, the south nave was extended and in 1497, the present baptistery and the sacristy were added. The bronze baptismal font is signed and dated. It was cast by Peter Wulf in 1509. Peter Wulf worked in Lübeck between 1492 and 1527.

Arnis, the smallest town in Germany both by population (300) and by area. (0.45 km²) was founded in 1667 by shipping families from nearby Kappeln who wanted to avoid serfdom. In 1666 Detlef von Rumohr tried to press the families of Kappeln into serfdom. The families asked Duke Christian Albrecht for help. Christian Albrecht responded positively and offered the island of Arnis as the place for a new settlement. To support this project he even granted privileges to the families of Kappeln. Detlef von Rumohr put pressure on the emigrants. In the end only 30 houses were built in Arnis and the new settlement faced a crisis during the Scanian War. Christian Albrecht's son, Frederick IV., offered a 10 years tax exemption for new settlers and Arnis began to grow and became in the late 18th and during the 19th century a prosperous skippers place with up to 1000 inhabitants and almost 90 sailing ships. The "Schifferkirche" ("Skipper's Church") from 1673 is the oldest building in Arnis. The wooden baptismal font dates back to the time when the church was built.

Bad Segeberg owes its existence to the "Kalkberg", a gypsum rock, that was about 120m high in the middle ages. This was the borderland between Saxons and Slavs, so Knud Lavard, Danish prince and Jarl (Earl) of Schleswig, unsuccessfully tried to build a castle here. Vizelin, the missionary of the Varrians and Abotrites, drew the attention of Emperor Lothair III to the strategic importance of the Kalkberg, whereupon the first castle was built on it in 1134. This was named "Siegesburg" (hence Segeberg). After Emperor Lothar III had died, Slavic chief Pribislav of Wagria rebelled against the Holy Roman Empire by destroying the new castle of Segeberg. Vicelin had founded a monastery around 1134 what was given destroyed together with the castle during Slavic raids. The monks had fled, but they did return and the foundation stone of a huge three-nave cruciform basilica with an adjoining monastery was laid around 1156/57. In 1199, the monastery church was named "eccl. S. Maria" in a Papal document, indicating that it had been consecrated in the meantime. The later addition of a tower and a portal to the west of the church is dated to the 13th century. The Reformation found early acceptance in Segeberg. As early as the 1520s, the first Lutheran pastors preached here. Until the dissolution of the canonry in 1564/66 the interior of the church was divided into two separate areas - for the remaining canons (in the Gothic east choir) and the Lutheran parish (in the west nave). The east choir, unused since 1564, was no longer maintained and was left to decay. The entire nave was under renovation and closed off with large wooden panels. We could only enter the transept. The bronze baptismal font was cast by Ghert Klinghe in 1447. It is dated and signed.

The area around Lübeck, today a large city with a population of more than 200,000, had been settled by Slavs since the 7th century. Slavs had a settlement north of the present city called "Liubice", which was razed by the pagan Rani tribe in 1128. 15 years later Adolf II, Count of Schauenburg and Holstein, founded the modern town as a German settlement on the river island of Bucu. He built a new castle, first mentioned as existing in 1147. Adolf II had to cede the castle to the Duke of Saxony, Henry the Lion, in 1158. After Henry's fall from power in 1181, the town became an Imperial city. Emperor Barbarossa ordained that the city should have a ruling council of 20 members. With the council dominated by merchants, trade interests shaped Lübeck's politics for centuries. In the 14th century, Lübeck became the "Queen of the Hanseatic League", being by far the largest and most powerful member of that medieval trade organization. In 1375, Emperor Charles IV named Lübeck one of the five "Glories of the Empire", a title shared with Venice, Rome, Pisa, and Florence. Conflicts about trading privileges resulted in fighting between Lübeck (with the Hanseatic League) and Denmark and Norway – with varying outcome. While Lübeck and the Hanseatic League prevailed in conflicts in 1435 and 1512, Lübeck lost when it became involved in a civil war that raged in Denmark from 1534 to 1536. From then on Lübeck's power slowly declined. The city remained neutral in the Thirty Years' War, but the devastation from the decades-long war and the new transatlantic orientation of European trade caused the Hanseatic League – and thus Lübeck with it – to decline in importance. However, Lübeck still remained an important trading town on the Baltic Sea. - The present three aisle church was erected around 1300 and replaced a Romanesque hall church on the same site after the great city fire of 1276, which was already mentioned around 1227. The Jakobikirche was consecrated in 1334 as a church of sailors and fishermen. St. Jakobi was one of the few Lübeck churches to remain undamaged during the bombing raid on Palm Sunday night in 1942. The bronze baptismal font is signed and dated. It was cast by Klaus Grude at Pentecost 1466. The font was a donation of the Lübeck councilman Johann Broling. The font stands on the same feet in the shape of kneeling angels as the baptismal font by Lorenz Grove from 1455 in Lübeck Cathedral. From this it is concluded that Grove's forms must have been passed on to Klaus Grude. Lübeck,