Martin M. Miles' photos with the keyword: Wars of the Roses

Burton Agnes is a village with a population of about 500. It was named after Agnes de Percy, a descendant of the Norman nobleman William de Percy, who participated in the Norman conquest of England. St Martins Church dates to the 13th century and stands on a hillside behind historic Burton Agnes Hall. End of the 12th century, a north aisle was added to the Church. The earlier wall was pierced with an arcade of three bays. This aisle was much narrower than the present one. In the second quarter of the 13th century a south aisle was added to the nave. This aisle also was originally narrower than it is at present. Early in the 14th century both aisles were widened. Located in the middle of the Lady Chapel is this altar tomb. The effigies represent Sir Walter Griffith (+1481) and his wife Joan Nevill. Sir Walter wears armour of the 15th century. He was known as the "Dark Knight"', who fought for the Lancastrians in the Wars of the Roses. The lady's hair is bound with a fillet. On her side a small effigy, representing her son or daughter.

Burton Agnes is a village with a population of about 500. It was named after Agnes de Percy, a descendant of the Norman nobleman William de Percy, who participated in the Norman conquest of England. St Martins Church dates to the 13th century and stands on a hillside behind historic Burton Agnes Hall. End of the 12th century, a north aisle was added to the Church. The earlier wall was pierced with an arcade of three bays. This aisle was much narrower than the present one. In the second quarter of the 13th century a south aisle was added to the nave. This aisle also was originally narrower than it is at present. Early in the 14th century both aisles were widened. Located in the middle of the Lady Chapel is this altar tomb. The effigies represent Sir Walter Griffith (+1481) and his wife Joan Nevill. Sir Walter wears armour of the 15th century. He was known as the "Dark Knight"', who fought for the Lancastrians in the Wars of the Roses.

Originally it was the site of a Celtic Briton stronghold called Din Guarie. In 547 the castle was recorded as having been captured by the Anglo-Saxon ruler Ida of Bernicia, the first known king of the Anglian kingdom of Bernicia. Ida´s grandson Æðelfriþ left the castle to his wife Bebba, from whom the early name Bebbanburgh is derived. The Vikings destroyed the original stronghold in 993. The Normans built a new castle, which forms the core of the present castle. William II unsuccessfully besieged the castle in 1095 during a rebellion supported by Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northumbria. After Robert de Mowbray's capture, his wife defended the castle until she was forced to surrender by the king's threat to blind her husband. Bamburgh then became the property of the reigning monarch of England. As an important English outpost, the castle was occasionally the target of attacks by the Scots. In 1464, during the Wars of the Roses, Bamburgh Castle became the first English castle to be defended by artillery after a nine-month siege. The Forster family, who had provided the castle's governors to the Crown for centuries, received the castle and owned it until 1700, when it was sold. The castle fell into disrepair and was restored by various owners in the 18th and 19th centuries. It was eventually bought by Victorian tycoon William Armstrong, who completed the restoration. The castle is still owned by the Armstrong family

Originally it was the site of a Celtic Briton stronghold called Din Guarie. In 547 the castle was recorded as having been captured by the Anglo-Saxon ruler Ida of Bernicia, the first known king of the Anglian kingdom of Bernicia. Ida´s grandson Æðelfriþ left the castle to his wife Bebba, from whom the early name Bebbanburgh is derived. The Vikings destroyed the original stronghold in 993. The Normans built a new castle, which forms the core of the present castle. William II unsuccessfully besieged the castle in 1095 during a rebellion supported by Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northumbria. After Robert de Mowbray's capture, his wife defended the castle until she was forced to surrender by the king's threat to blind her husband. Bamburgh then became the property of the reigning monarch of England. As an important English outpost, the castle was occasionally the target of attacks by the Scots. In 1464, during the Wars of the Roses, Bamburgh Castle became the first English castle to be defended by artillery after a nine-month siege. The Forster family, who had provided the castle's governors to the Crown for centuries, received the castle and owned it until 1700, when it was sold. The castle fell into disrepair and was restored by various owners in the 18th and 19th centuries. It was eventually bought by Victorian tycoon William Armstrong, who completed the restoration. The castle is still owned by the Armstrong family

Our schedule in Cambridge fell victim to a series of heavy downpours, for which we were not at all prepared. As soon as we left Cambridge, the weather improved King's College was founde by Henry VI in 1441, originally for just twelve needy students. The college was dedicated to the Virgin Mary and St Nicholas of Myra. The first rector and initially the only teacher was William Millington. The choir was also founded in 1441 and its main task to this day is to sing at services and the Liturgy of the Hours in King's College Chapel. Henry VI expanded his plans with a new charter of foundation in 1443. The new college was now to accommodate 70 scholars and fellows. The students were selected annually from the best pupils at Eton College, which was founded by Henry VI in 1440. The college members were graduated after three years of study, even without a university examination. The majority of graduates were obliged to study theology and be ordained as priests. However, the king's plans were disrupted by the Wars of the Roses and the resultant scarcity of funds, and then his eventual deposition. Little progress was made on the project until 1508, when King Henry VII began to take an interest in the college. The building of the college's chapel began in 1446, and was finished in 1544 during the reign of Henry VIII. King's College Chapel is regarded as one of the finest examples of late English Gothic architecture. Note the umbrellas in the forground

The town and castle date back to the founding of the Norman noble family Lacy. Walter de Lacy was given land here by William the Conqueror for his participation in the Battle of Hastings. He and his descendants founded the town and equipped it with strong fortifications. Following the Norman tradition, a wooden motte was first erected on a mound of earth. The oldest surviving stone part of the castle is the inner courtyard, which was built between 1086 and 1094 by Walter de Lacy's son Roger de Lacy. The town was expanded by donations from the de Lacy family and was first mentioned in a document in 1138. In 1177, the town is said to have already had 1172 inhabitants. In 1306, the town and castle passed to the Mortimer family by inheritance. During the Wars of the Roses, Ludlow Castle was briefly the headquarters of the leaders of the House of York: the future Edward IV lost the Battle of Ludlow in 1459, which led to his flight abroad and the provisional victory of the House of Lancaster. A parish church was established in the late 11th century. It is situated atop the hill around which the medieval town developed. After its initial construction the church was expanded and rebuilt in 1199 to accommodate a growing town population. In the late Middle Ages considerable wealth accrued to the town based upon the wool trade. Correspondingly the church underwent several further additions in that era. The major works occurred between 1433 and 1471 with a virtual re-building of the nave, tower and chancel elements.

The town and castle date back to the founding of the Norman noble family Lacy. Walter de Lacy was given land here by William the Conqueror for his participation in the Battle of Hastings. He and his descendants founded the town and equipped it with strong fortifications. Following the Norman tradition, a wooden motte was first erected on a mound of earth. The oldest surviving stone part of the castle is the inner courtyard, which was built between 1086 and 1094 by Walter de Lacy's son Roger de Lacy. The town was expanded by donations from the de Lacy family and was first mentioned in a document in 1138. In 1177, the town is said to have already had 1172 inhabitants. In 1306, the town and castle passed to the Mortimer family by inheritance. During the Wars of the Roses, Ludlow Castle was briefly the headquarters of the leaders of the House of York: the future Edward IV lost the Battle of Ludlow in 1459, which led to his flight abroad and the provisional victory of the House of Lancaster. A parish church was established in the late 11th century. It is situated atop the hill around which the medieval town developed. After its initial construction the church was expanded and rebuilt in 1199 to accommodate a growing town population. In the late Middle Ages considerable wealth accrued to the town based upon the wool trade. Correspondingly the church underwent several further additions in that era. The major works occurred between 1433 and 1471 with a virtual re-building of the nave, tower and chancel elements. Two scenes of the choir stalls. Above: A mermaid flanked by two fish. She holds a mirror in her hand and symbolises vanity Below: On the left the devil, on the right the mouth of hell. In the centre, two woodwoses, the devil's assistants. The one on the right is holding a bagpipe, the one on the left has a drunken sinner on his shoulder.

The town and castle date back to the founding of the Norman noble family Lacy. Walter de Lacy was given land here by William the Conqueror for his participation in the Battle of Hastings. He and his descendants founded the town and equipped it with strong fortifications. Following the Norman tradition, a wooden motte was first erected on a mound of earth. The oldest surviving stone part of the castle is the inner courtyard, which was built between 1086 and 1094 by Walter de Lacy's son Roger de Lacy. The town was expanded by donations from the de Lacy family and was first mentioned in a document in 1138. In 1177, the town is said to have already had 1172 inhabitants. In 1306, the town and castle passed to the Mortimer family by inheritance. During the Wars of the Roses, Ludlow Castle was briefly the headquarters of the leaders of the House of York: the future Edward IV lost the Battle of Ludlow in 1459, which led to his flight abroad and the provisional victory of the House of Lancaster. A parish church was established in the late 11th century. It is situated atop the hill around which the medieval town developed. After its initial construction the church was expanded and rebuilt in 1199 to accommodate a growing town population. In the late Middle Ages considerable wealth accrued to the town based upon the wool trade. Correspondingly the church underwent several further additions in that era. The major works occurred between 1433 and 1471 with a virtual re-building of the nave, tower and chancel elements.

The town and castle date back to the founding of the Norman noble family Lacy. Walter de Lacy was given land here by William the Conqueror for his participation in the Battle of Hastings. He and his descendants founded the town and equipped it with strong fortifications. Following the Norman tradition, a wooden motte was first erected on a mound of earth. The oldest surviving stone part of the castle is the inner courtyard, which was built between 1086 and 1094 by Walter de Lacy's son Roger de Lacy. The town was expanded by donations from the de Lacy family and was first mentioned in a document in 1138. In 1177, the town is said to have already had 1172 inhabitants. In 1306, the town and castle passed to the Mortimer family by inheritance. During the Wars of the Roses, Ludlow Castle was briefly the headquarters of the leaders of the House of York: the future Edward IV lost the Battle of Ludlow in 1459, which led to his flight abroad and the provisional victory of the House of Lancaster. A parish church was established in the late 11th century. It is situated atop the hill around which the medieval town developed. After its initial construction the church was expanded and rebuilt in 1199 to accommodate a growing town population. In the late Middle Ages considerable wealth accrued to the town based upon the wool trade. Correspondingly the church underwent several further additions in that era. The major works occurred between 1433 and 1471 with a virtual re-building of the nave, tower and chancel elements.

The town and castle date back to the founding of the Norman noble family Lacy. Walter de Lacy was given land here by William the Conqueror for his participation in the Battle of Hastings. He and his descendants founded the town and equipped it with strong fortifications. Following the Norman tradition, a wooden motte was first erected on a mound of earth. The oldest surviving stone part of the castle is the inner courtyard, which was built between 1086 and 1094 by Walter de Lacy's son Roger de Lacy. The town was expanded by donations from the de Lacy family and was first mentioned in a document in 1138. In 1177, the town is said to have already had 1172 inhabitants (in 2005 it had 9850 inhabitants). In 1306, the town and castle passed to the Mortimer family by inheritance. During the Wars of the Roses, Ludlow Castle was briefly the headquarters of the leaders of the House of York: the future Edward IV lost the Battle of Ludlow in 1459, which led to his flight abroad and the provisional victory of the House of Lancaster. A parish church was established in the late 11th century. It is situated atop the hill around which the medieval town developed. After its initial construction the church was expanded and rebuilt in 1199 to accommodate a growing town population. In the late Middle Ages considerable wealth accrued to the town based upon the wool trade. Correspondingly the church underwent several further additions in that era. The major works occurred between 1433 and 1471 with a virtual re-building of the nave, tower and chancel elements. The tower (48m high) took on a Perpendicular style which was the preferred style of the late 15th century in England.

The town and castle date back to the founding of the Norman noble family Lacy. Walter de Lacy was given land here by William the Conqueror for his participation in the Battle of Hastings. He and his descendants founded the town and equipped it with strong fortifications. Following the Norman tradition, a wooden motte was first erected on a mound of earth. The oldest surviving stone part of the castle is the inner courtyard, which was built between 1086 and 1094 by Walter de Lacy's son Roger de Lacy. The town was expanded by donations from the de Lacy family and was first mentioned in a document in 1138. In 1177, the town is said to have already had 1172 inhabitants (in 2005 it had 9850 inhabitants). In 1306, the town and castle passed to the Mortimer family by inheritance. During the Wars of the Roses, Ludlow Castle was briefly the headquarters of the leaders of the House of York: the future Edward IV lost the Battle of Ludlow in 1459, which led to his flight abroad and the provisional victory of the House of Lancaster. A parish church was established in the late 11th century. It is situated atop the hill around which the medieval town developed. After its initial construction the church was expanded and rebuilt in 1199 to accommodate a growing town population. In the late Middle Ages considerable wealth accrued to the town based upon the wool trade. Correspondingly the church underwent several further additions in that era. The major works occurred between 1433 and 1471 with a virtual re-building of the nave, tower and chancel elements. The tower (48m high) took on a Perpendicular style which was the preferred style of the late 15th century in England.

The town and castle date back to the founding of the Norman noble family Lacy. Walter de Lacy was given land here by William the Conqueror for his participation in the Battle of Hastings. He and his descendants founded the town and equipped it with strong fortifications. Following the Norman tradition, a wooden motte was first erected on a mound of earth. The oldest surviving stone part of the castle is the inner courtyard, which was built between 1086 and 1094 by Walter de Lacy's son Roger de Lacy. The town was expanded by donations from the de Lacy family and was first mentioned in a document in 1138. In 1177, the town is said to have already had 1172 inhabitants (in 2005 it had 9850 inhabitants). In 1306, the town and castle passed to the Mortimer family by inheritance. During the Wars of the Roses, Ludlow Castle was briefly the headquarters of the leaders of the House of York: the future Edward IV lost the Battle of Ludlow in 1459, which led to his flight abroad and the provisional victory of the House of Lancaster. The Buttercross is considered to be the centre of the town. Built in 1746 in the classical style. The ground floor was originally a butter market and todays is still used on market days by various traders. The upper rooms have had a variety of uses: the chamber for the Town Council, a boys’ charity school and by now the Ludlow Museum.

The name of the town comes from Theoc, an Anglo-Saxon who is said to have founded a hermitage here in the 7th century, which was called Theocsbury. The cell was succeeded by a monastery in 715. In the 10th century it became a priory subordinate of the Cranborne Abbey. In 1087, William the Conqueror gave the manor of Tewkesbury to Robert Fitzhamon, who, with the Abbot of ranborne,founded the present abbey in 1092. Building of the present abbey church did not start until 1102, employing Caen stone imported from Normandy. Robert Fitzhamon died in 1107, but his son-in-law, Robert FitzRoy, who was made Earl of Gloucester, continued to fund the building work. In the High Middle Ages, Tewkesbury became one of the richest abbeys of England. After the Battle of Tewkesbury in the Wars of the Roses in 1471, some of the defeated Lancastrians sought sanctuary in the abbey. The victorious Yorkists, led by Edward IV, forced their way into the abbey; the resulting bloodshed caused the building to be closed for a month until it could be purified and re-consecrated. After the dissolution of the monasteries the people of Tewkesbury saved the abbey from destruction. Insisting that it was their parish church which they had the right to keep, they bought it from the Crown for £453.

The name of the town comes from Theoc, an Anglo-Saxon who is said to have founded a hermitage here in the 7th century, which was called Theocsbury. The cell was succeeded by a monastery in 715. In the 10th century it became a priory subordinate of the Cranborne Abbey. In 1087, William the Conqueror gave the manor of Tewkesbury to Robert Fitzhamon, who, with the Abbot of ranborne,founded the present abbey in 1092. Building of the present abbey church did not start until 1102, employing Caen stone imported from Normandy. Robert Fitzhamon died in 1107, but his son-in-law, Robert FitzRoy, who was made Earl of Gloucester, continued to fund the building work. In the High Middle Ages, Tewkesbury became one of the richest abbeys of England. After the Battle of Tewkesbury in the Wars of the Roses in 1471, some of the defeated Lancastrians sought sanctuary in the abbey. The victorious Yorkists, led by Edward IV, forced their way into the abbey; the resulting bloodshed caused the building to be closed for a month until it could be purified and re-consecrated. After the dissolution of the monasteries the people of Tewkesbury saved the abbey from destruction. Insisting that it was their parish church which they had the right to keep, they bought it from the Crown for £453.

The name of the town comes from Theoc, an Anglo-Saxon who is said to have founded a hermitage here in the 7th century, which was called Theocsbury. The cell was succeeded by a monastery in 715. In the 10th century it became a priory subordinate of the Cranborne Abbey. In 1087, William the Conqueror gave the manor of Tewkesbury to Robert Fitzhamon, who, with the Abbot of ranborne,founded the present abbey in 1092. Building of the present abbey church did not start until 1102, employing Caen stone imported from Normandy. Robert Fitzhamon died in 1107, but his son-in-law, Robert FitzRoy, who was made Earl of Gloucester, continued to fund the building work. In the High Middle Ages, Tewkesbury became one of the richest abbeys of England. After the Battle of Tewkesbury in the Wars of the Roses in 1471, some of the defeated Lancastrians sought sanctuary in the abbey. The victorious Yorkists, led by Edward IV, forced their way into the abbey; the resulting bloodshed caused the building to be closed for a month until it could be purified and re-consecrated. After the dissolution of the monasteries the people of Tewkesbury saved the abbey from destruction. Insisting that it was their parish church which they had the right to keep, they bought it from the Crown for £453.

The name of the town comes from Theoc, an Anglo-Saxon who is said to have founded a hermitage here in the 7th century, which was called Theocsbury. The cell was succeeded by a monastery in 715. In the 10th century it became a priory subordinate of the Cranborne Abbey. In 1087, William the Conqueror gave the manor of Tewkesbury to Robert Fitzhamon, who, with the Abbot of ranborne,founded the present abbey in 1092. Building of the present abbey church did not start until 1102, employing Caen stone imported from Normandy. Robert Fitzhamon died in 1107, but his son-in-law, Robert FitzRoy, who was made Earl of Gloucester, continued to fund the building work. In the High Middle Ages, Tewkesbury became one of the richest abbeys of England. After the Battle of Tewkesbury in the Wars of the Roses in 1471, some of the defeated Lancastrians sought sanctuary in the abbey. The victorious Yorkists, led by Edward IV, forced their way into the abbey; the resulting bloodshed caused the building to be closed for a month until it could be purified and re-consecrated. After the dissolution of the monasteries the people of Tewkesbury saved the abbey from destruction. Insisting that it was their parish church which they had the right to keep, they bought it from the Crown for £453.

The name of the town comes from Theoc, an Anglo-Saxon who is said to have founded a hermitage here in the 7th century, which was called Theocsbury. The cell was succeeded by a monastery in 715. In the 10th century it became a priory subordinate of the Cranborne Abbey. In 1087, William the Conqueror gave the manor of Tewkesbury to Robert Fitzhamon, who, with the Abbot of ranborne,founded the present abbey in 1092. Building of the present abbey church did not start until 1102, employing Caen stone imported from Normandy. Robert Fitzhamon died in 1107, but his son-in-law, Robert FitzRoy, who was made Earl of Gloucester, continued to fund the building work. In the High Middle Ages, Tewkesbury became one of the richest abbeys of England. After the Battle of Tewkesbury in the Wars of the Roses in 1471, some of the defeated Lancastrians sought sanctuary in the abbey. The victorious Yorkists, led by Edward IV, forced their way into the abbey; the resulting bloodshed caused the building to be closed for a month until it could be purified and re-consecrated. After the dissolution of the monasteries the people of Tewkesbury saved the abbey from destruction. Insisting that it was their parish church which they had the right to keep, they bought it from the Crown for £453.