Martin M. Miles' photos with the keyword: Habakkuk

Wilfred the Hairy (aka Guifré el Pilós), whom we just "met" as the founder of the nearby monastery in Sant Joan de les Abadesses, where his daughter Emma of Barcelona was the first abbess, founded the Monastery of Santa Maria in Ripoll in 879. Here his son Radulf de Barcelona was abbot. This was not only Wilfred´s family business, he was very successful in the political power game of that time. The first church was consecrated in 888, but as the monastery grew it was "reconsecrated" in 935, 977, and 1032. When Oliba de Besalú, as well a descendent of Wilfred, was abbot here (1008 - 1046), this was a cultural center. More than 250 books were on the shelves of the monastery´s library. The decline started within the 15th century. In 1428 it was severely damaged by an earthquake, the restoration was done in Gothic style. The church got ruined during the first Carlist War, the library burnt down, and the last monks had left. In 1847 part of the cloister and soon after, the abbot´s palace got demolished. The Bishop of Vic organized the rebuilding so that the church got consecrated again in 1893. The church of today is vastly a product of the reconstruction of the 19th century, but it may be "near" to the romanesque structure. Over the centuries, the carvings weathered - and got vandalized. The result can be seen in the more detailed shots. Habakkuk with a basket full of food on his way to Daniel Apocrypha 14 "Now the prophet Habakkuk was in Judea. He had boiled pottage and had broken bread into a bowl, and was going into the field to take it to the reapers. But the angel of the Lord said to Habakkuk, "Take the dinner which you have to Babylon, to Daniel, in the lions' den." Habakkuk said, "Sir, I have never seen Babylon, and I know nothing about the den." Then the angel of the Lord took him by the crown of his head, and lifted him by his hair and set him down in Babylon, right over the den, with the rushing sound of the wind itself."

Parma, part of the Holy Roman Empire since Charlemagne´s times, was locally ruled by its bishops. During the long Investiture Controversy, Parma was (mostly) member of the Imperial party ("Ghibellini"). Two of Parma´s bishops even became antipopes: Càdalo as Honorius II and Guibert as Clement III. An almost independent commune was created around 1140. After the Peace of Constance confirmed the Italian communes' rights of self-governance in 1183, quarrels with the neighbouring communes (eg Piacenza and Cremona) developed over the trading lines along the Po river. When in 1248 Papist families ("Guelphs") gained control over the city, Emperor Frederick II (aka "Stupor Mundi") besieged Parma with no success. This were the circumstances, when in 1196 the City Council of Parma commissioned the building of the Battistero di San Giovanni to Benedetto Antelami. In 1216 the second tier was completed. The work stopped under a temporary roof. It continued in 1249 and the octagon, located next to the cathedral, was finally completed in 1270. The interior of the baptistery contains sixteen arches, forming alcoves each containing a painted scene. All these are 13th and 14th century frescoes. The dome is like an umbrella - sixteen rays come out of the center of the ceiling. Each corresponds to an arch below. Below the large triangular frescoes are tiers with carvings, sculptures and even more frescoes. Inbetween are columns and capitals. Here is Habakkuk delivering food to hungry Daniel in the lions' den. Daniel 14:33-36 "Now the prophet Habakkuk was in Judea; he had made a stew and had broken bread into a bowl, and was going into the field to take it to the reapers. But the angel of the Lord said to Habakkuk, "Take the food that you have to Babylon, to Daniel, in the lions’ den." Habakkuk said, "Sir, I have never seen Babylon, and I know nothing about the den." Then the angel of the Lord took him by the crown of his head and carried him by his hair; with the speed of the wind, he set him down in Babylon, right over the den."

The museum, located just behind the Cathedral, is not large, but hosts a tremendous collection. Part of the museum is the bishop´s private chapel, built end of the 5th century and dedicated to Sant'Andrea. The famous "Throne of Maximian" (= "Cattedra di Massimiano"), carved from ivory ~ 550, is on display and many other delicate works of art. Unfortunately to take photos here is - not allowed. So I could take only very few, before getting a warning The same reliquary (6th c.) seen on the previous upload. "Daniel in the lions' den". To the right is Habakkuk, bringing the food.

Just about 12 kms north of Arles was an "interchange" during Roman times, as the Via Aurelia Domitia linked to the Via Aurelia here. Centuries later a chapel was erected near this once important place, first recorded in 858. This was the predecessor of the chapel seen today, built end of the 12th century. It is surrounded by olive trees and was watched over by a fortified castle on the hill. While the fortification is in ruins, the chapel, dedicated to Saint Gabriel, is still in a good condition. Compared to the carving at the oculus and the ornaments around, the tympanum just like the relief above, seems to be created in a very different, "archaic" style. Maybe pre-Romanesque. My first impression was, that it is older than this chapel, a re-used spolia, but I could not find any information about. Seen on the right "Adam and Eve", to the left (short-legged) "Daniel in the Lion´s Den. Above them an angel. When I had closer look I saw, that Daniel is not alone in the den (with the lions), as Habakkuk has arrived. Habakuk is placed behind the right lion. He his bringing a small basket with food. The angel hold Habakkuk by his hair. Note, that the angel´s and a few feathers of his left wing are visible below the horizontal beam. Apocrypha 14 "Now the prophet Habakkuk was in Judea. He had boiled pottage and had broken bread into a bowl, and was going into the field to take it to the reapers. But the angel of the Lord said to Habakkuk, "Take the dinner which you have to Babylon, to Daniel, in the lions' den." Habakkuk said, "Sir, I have never seen Babylon, and I know nothing about the den." Then the angel of the Lord took him by the crown of his head, and lifted him by his hair and set him down in Babylon, right over the den, with the rushing sound of the wind itself."

San Fedele, the ancient Cathedral of Como, has paleochristian origins. The present church dates from 1120. San Fedele´s unusual floor plan cannot be seen. There is a wide nave, two aisles and three apses in clover-leaf shape, a "triconchos", similar to "St. Maria im Kapitol" (Cologne), the "Chapel of the Cross" (Muestair) and "Germigny-des-Prés". This is the left side of the ancient portal (prev. upload). It is claimed, that the relief depicts Habakkuk with a basket of food transported by an angel from Judaea to Babylon. He is on his way to Daniel, who is seen below on the throne in the lions den. Apocrypha 14 "Now the prophet Habakkuk was in Judea. He had boiled pottage and had broken bread into a bowl, and was going into the field to take it to the reapers. But the angel of the Lord said to Habakkuk, "Take the dinner which you have to Babylon, to Daniel, in the lions' den." Habakkuk said, "Sir, I have never seen Babylon, and I know nothing about the den." Then the angel of the Lord took him by the crown of his head, and lifted him by his hair and set him down in Babylon, right over the den, with the rushing sound of the wind itself."

When I reached Jaca on my walk I stayed an extra day. I had been here some years ago, and so I knew, that here was so muich to see, that two hours in the afternoon was just not enough. It was the first time, that I could visit the cathedral´s excellent museum. For visitors producing a "credencial", there is even a special price. The western portal of the "Catedral de San Pedro" has some extraordenary works of medieval art. The carvings are delicate, very detailled and follow the "classical style", found on Roman sarcophagi. The very experienced artist is unknown, but art-historians gave him the honorable name "Master of Jaca". The capitals are difficult to read. Following the information I found, this is the Habakkuk-scene. The large angel grabs prophet Habakkuk by the hair and will fly him to the lions´ den, where Daniel is waiting for food. Hungry Daniel is and the lions are on the capital´s right side.