Martin M. Miles' photos with the keyword: mason's mark

A Roman settlement, named "Aeminium" existed here. When the neighbouring town "Conimbriga" got conquered and destroyed by the Suebes in 468, the survivors moved to "Aeminium" - and renamed it. The Visigoths under King Wittiza named the town "Eminio" later. In 714 the town was conquered by Muslim troops, who changed the name again. Coimbra was finally recaptured in 1064 by King Fernando de Castilla y León. Coimbra became the second capital of the Kingdom of Portugal (after Guimarãesin) 1139, a status that moved to Lisbon in 1256. The University of Coimbra, founded by Denis of Portugal (aka "Dom Dinis") in 1290, is one of the oldest in Europe. "Sé Velha" is the old Cathedral of Coimbra. Erected mid 12th century, this was the bishopric until the seat was moved in 1772 to the new cathedral "Sé Nova". The erection of the cathedral is attributed to Master Robert and Master Bernhard, who probably came from France. In the 16th century there were many additions made to the cathedral, but the western portal is still Romanesque and has some nice capitals. Here is one of them. Two bird-dog-snake chimarae. Above the couple is a mason's mark.

A Roman settlement, named "Aeminium" existed here. When the neighbouring town "Conimbriga" got conquered and destroyed by the Suebes in 468, the survivors moved to "Aeminium" - and renamed it. The Visigoths under King Wittiza named the town "Eminio" later. In 714 the town was conquered by Muslim troops, who changed the name again. Coimbra was finally recaptured in 1064 by King Fernando de Castilla y León. Coimbra became the second capital of the Kingdom of Portugal (after Guimarãesin) 1139, a status that moved to Lisbon in 1256. The University of Coimbra, founded by Denis of Portugal (aka "Dom Dinis") in 1290, is one of the oldest in Europe. "Sé Velha" is the old Cathedral of Coimbra. Erected mid 12th century, this was the bishopric until the seat was moved in 1772 to the new cathedral "Sé Nova". The erection of the cathedral is attributed to Master Robert and Master Bernhard, who probably came from France. In the 16th century there were many additions made to the cathedral, but the western portal is still Romanesque and has some nice capitals. Here is one of them. Two bird-chimarae killing two lions - symmetrically and simultaneously. In the upper left corner is a little sign, that looks like a snail shell. Probably a mason's mark.

Saint Mary of Eunate stands isolated, as it was not erected in or near a village, but in the middle of fields. It is surrounded by arches, that gave this place the name, as (according to the tourist office) "Eunate" means "one hundred doors" in Basque. Though, there is not much information about the origins of this wonderful, octogonal church, it has probably been an important place for the pilgrims since the 12th century, as from here to Puente la Reina, where the "Camino Aragonés" / "Via Tolosana" joins the busy "Camino Francés" is only a short walk. The floorplan of Saint Mary of Eunate is surely inspired by the "Church of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem". Such churches (eg Tomar, Estrella, Pisa..) are often connected to the Knights Templar, but there no proof, that they have ever been in this area. The earliest documented reference is from 1487 and just mentions the "Virgin of Eunate", but at that time, the church was already centuries old. These are marks on the pillars outside. These may be a mason's mark or graffiti. I tend to see them as graffiti, depicting handcuffs. They were a symbol for "prisoned". One of the important halts on the "Via Lemovicensis" is Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat, where the relics of Saint Leonard are venerated. He was the patron saint for prisoners and one of his symbols are this kind of handcuffs.