Martin M. Miles' photos with the keyword: Brunelleschi

Florentina was established in Roman times as a settlement for veteran soldiers. The name had changed already when young Charlemagne conquered the town in 774. It became part of the Duchy of Tuscany, with Lucca as the capital. Around 1000 Margrave Hugo chose Florence as residency instead of Lucca. After the death of Matilda of Tuscany (1115), the Florentines formed a republic ruled by a council. The town prospered, despite a constant fight between the different factions and noble families. In the 15th century, Florence was among the largest and wealthiest cities in Europe. This was when the Medici family entered the political scene. As a dynasty of art-loving, power-hungry bankers, they made Florence the birthplace of the Renaissance. The Basilica di Santa Croce is the principal Franciscan church in Florence and the largest Franciscan church worldwide. Legends tell, that it was founded by St Francis himself, but proven is that the construction was begun outside the city walls in 1294. The floorplan is a Tau cross, which is a symbol of St Francis. The design was done by Arnolfo di Cambio, a very busy architect, as he worked as well at the Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore and the Palazzo Vecchio. The church was consecrated in 1442 by Pope Eugene IV. On Nov. 4. 1966 the Arno River flooded Florence, including Santa Croce. The water reached a height of 5 meters here, bringing mud, pollution, and heating oil. The damage to buildings and works of art was really severe. It took decades to repair, what could be repaired. The "Cappella Pazzi" is the chapter house of the Franciscan Church of Santa Croce. The building was donated by Andrea di Guglielmo de' Pazzi and built between 1441 and 1478. The design for the domed chapel possibly goes back to Filippo Brunelleschi.

Florentina was established in Roman times as a settlement for veteran soldiers. The name had changed already when young Charlemagne conquered the town in 774. It became part of the Duchy of Tuscany, with Lucca as the capital. Around 1000 Margrave Hugo chose Florence as residency instead of Lucca. After the death of Matilda of Tuscany (1115), the Florentines formed a republic ruled by a council. The town prospered, despite a constant fight between the different factions and noble families. In the 15th century, Florence was among the largest and wealthiest cities in Europe. This was when the Medici family entered the political scene. As a dynasty of art-loving, power-hungry bankers, they made Florence the birthplace of the Renaissance. The Basilica di San Lorenzo is at the center of the market district of the city. It may be the oldest church in Florence, having been consecrated in 393 AD. For three centuries it was the city's cathedral. San Lorenzo was the parish church of the Medici family. In 1419, Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici offered to finance a new church to replace an eleventh-century Romanesque rebuilding. Filippo Brunelleschi was commissioned to design it. The lack of funds slowed the construction and forced changes to the original design. By the early 1440s, only its sacristy had been worked on because that was being paid for by the Medici. In 1442, the Medici stepped in to take over the financial responsibility of the church as well. After Brunelleschi died in 1446, the work continued. By the time the building was completed, aspects of its layout and detailing no longer corresponded to the original plan. The Medici Pope Leo X gave Michelangelo the commission to design an outer façade of the basilica in white Carrara marble in 1518. Michelangelo made a large wooden model but the outer facade of the basilica remained unbuilt.

Florentina was established in Roman times as a settlement for veteran soldiers. The name had changed already, when young Charlemagne conquered the town in 774. It became part of the Duchy of Tuscany, with Lucca as capital. Around 1000 Margrave Hugo chose Florence as residency instead of Lucca. After the death of Matilda of Tuscany (1115), the Florentines formed a republic was ruled by a council. The town prospered, despite a constant fight between the different factions and noble families. In the 15th century, Florence was among the largest and wealthiest cities in Europe. This was, when the Medici family entered the political scene. As a dynasty of art loving, power hungry bankers, they made Florence the birthplace of the Renaissance. In 1419 Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici offered to finance a new church to replace the 11th-century Romanesque Basilica of San Lorenzo. Filippo Brunelleschi was commissioned to design it. When Brunelleschi died in 1446 only the sacristy and the crossing were completed. His scholars continued, but changed the design. As San Lorenzo was the parish church of the Medici family (and their burial place) Pope Leo X (born "Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici") commissioned Michelangelo to design a façade in 1518. Michelangelo made a wooden model, that still exists, but this facade, as you can see here, was never added to the church.

Florentina was established in Roman times as a settlement for veteran soldiers. The name had changed already, when young Charlemagne conquered the town in 774. It became part of the Duchy of Tuscany, with Lucca as capital. Around 1000 Margrave Hugo chose Florence as residency instead of Lucca. After the death of Matilda of Tuscany (1115), the Florentines formed a republic was ruled by a council. The town prospered, despite a constant fight between the different factions and noble families. In the 15th century, Florence was among the largest and wealthiest cities in Europe. This was, when the Medici family entered the political scene. As a dynasty of art loving, power hungry bankers, they made Florence the birthplace of the Renaissance. The construction of the cathedral, designed by Arnolfo di Cambio, started in 1296, replacing an older cathedral, that was too small for the growing population. It was completed about 140 years later with a dome engineered by Filippo Brunelleschi. Looking up into the dome, that was largest dome in the world for a long time.

Florentina was established in Roman times as a settlement for veteran soldiers. The name had changed already, when young Charlemagne conquered the town in 774. It became part of the Duchy of Tuscany, with Lucca as capital. Around 1000 Margrave Hugo chose Florence as residency instead of Lucca. After the death of Matilda of Tuscany (1115), the Florentines formed a republic was ruled by a council. The town prospered, despite a constant fight between the different factions and noble families. In the 15th century, Florence was among the largest and wealthiest cities in Europe. This was, when the Medici family entered the political scene. As a dynasty of art loving, power hungry bankers, they made Florence the birthplace of the Renaissance. A baptistry existed here already within the fifth century. It was replaced or altered in the sixth century. Today´s octagonal "Baptistery of Saint John" was constructed between 1059 and 1128, making it one of the oldest buildings in Florence. It was reconsecrated in 1059 by Pope Nicholas II. The octagonal lantern was added to the pavilion roof around 1150. The baptistery was enlarged with a rectangular apse on the west side in 1202. Just behind the Baptistery is the "Duomo di Firenze" with the 19th century facade and the Brunelleschi-dome.

Florentina was established in Roman times as a settlement for veteran soldiers. The name had changed already, when young Charlemagne conquered the town in 774. It became part of the Duchy of Tuscany, with Lucca as capital. Around 1000 Margrave Hugo chose Florence as residency instead of Lucca. After the death of Matilda of Tuscany (1115), the Florentines formed a republic was ruled by a council. The town prospered, despite a constant fight between the different factions and noble families. In the 15th century, Florence was among the largest and wealthiest cities in Europe. This was, when the Medici family entered the political scene. As a dynasty of art loving, power hungry bankers, they made Florence the birthplace of the Renaissance. A baptistry existed here already within the fifth century. It was replaced or altered in the sixth century. Today´s octagonal "Baptistery of Saint John" was constructed between 1059 and 1128, making it one of the oldest buildings in Florence. It was reconsecrated in 1059 by Pope Nicholas II. The octagonal lantern was added to the pavilion roof around 1150. The baptistery was enlarged with a rectangular apse on the west side in 1202. Just "behind" the Baptistery is the "Duomo di Firenze" with the Giotto-campanile und the Brunelleschi-dome.

Florentina was established in Roman times as a settlement for veteran soldiers. The name had changed already, when young Charlemagne conquered the town in 774. It became part of the Duchy of Tuscany, with Lucca as capital. Around 1000 Margrave Hugo chose Florence as residency instead of Lucca. After the death of Matilda of Tuscany (1115), the Florentines formed a republic was ruled by a council. The town prospered, despite a constant fight between the different factions and noble families. In the 15th century, Florence was among the largest and wealthiest cities in Europe. This was, when the Medici family entered the political scene. As a dynasty of art loving, power hungry bankers, they made Florence the birthplace of the Renaissance. The construction of the cathedral, designed by Arnolfo di Cambio, started in 1296, replacing an older cathedral, that was too small for the growing population. It was completed about 140 years later with a dome engineered by Filippo Brunelleschi and a campanile designed by Giotto. The western facade of the basilica dates to the 19th century and was done by Emilio De Fabris. As the weather got worse, I needed the support of other tourists, to take shots.

Florentina was established in Roman times as a settlement for veteran soldiers. The name had changed already, when young Charlemagne conquered the town in 774. It became part of the Duchy of Tuscany, with Lucca as capital. Around 1000 Margrave Hugo chose Florence as residency instead of Lucca. After the death of Matilda of Tuscany (1115), the Florentines formed a republic was ruled by a council. The town prospered, despite a constant fight between the different factions and noble families. In the 15th century, Florence was among the largest and wealthiest cities in Europe. This was, when the Medici family entered the political scene. As a dynasty of art loving, power hungry bankers, they made Florence the birthplace of the Renaissance. The construction of the cathedral, designed by Arnolfo di Cambio, started in 1296, replacing an older cathedral, that was too small for the growing population. It was completed about 140 years later with a dome engineered by Filippo Brunelleschi and a campanile designed by Giotto. The western facade of the basilica, seen here, dates to the 19th century and was done by Emilio De Fabris.