Martin M. Miles' photos with the keyword: Moses

Wimborne Minster is a small town named after a monastery. The monastery was founded around 705 by St Cuthburga in a region that was probably only sparsely populated at the time. St Walpurga was educated and spent 26 years here before following the missionary call of her uncle, St Boniface, to Germany. At this time, a men's monastery was also built adjacent to the abbey. Over the next hundred years, the abbey and monastery grew in size and importance. In 871, King Æthelred I of Wessex, Alfred the Great's brother, was buried in the abbey, which brought the abbey royal honours. The nunnery was destroyed by the Danes in 1013 and never rebuilt, though the main abbey building survived. In 1043 Edward the Confessor founded a college of canons, The minster then was remodelled and rebuilt by the Normans between 1120 and 1180, to support that institution. It can be assumed that by then a town centre had already formed in the immediate vicinity of the abbey church, which grew steadily in the years that followed. A school open to the public was opened in Wimborne Minster around 1496, followed by one of the first chained libraries in the country around 1686. I don't know who the person on the left is. Moses is on the right. He is holding the tablets with the ten commandments.

Louis the Pious founded the bishopric of Hildesheim in 815. The settlement developed into a town and was granted market rights by King Otto III in 983. Craftsmen and merchants were attracted and the city developed into an important community. By 1167, Hildesheim was an almost completely walled market settlement. At the beginning of the 13th century, Hildesheim had about 5,000 inhabitants, and when Hildesheim received its city charter in 1249, it was one of the largest cities in northern Germany. The clergy ruled Hildesheim for four centuries before a town hall was built and the citizens gained influence and independence. In 1367, Hildesheim became a member of the Hanseatic League. But what is now called Hildesheim was various small "suburbs". After centuries of (sometimes armed) disputes, it was not until the end of the 16th century that a union was created and subsequently at least the inner wall was taken down Old and New Town. During the Thirty Years' War, Hildesheim was besieged and occupied several times. In 1813, after the Napoleonic Wars, the town became part of the Kingdom of Hanover, which was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia as a province after the Austro-Prussian War in 1866. The air raids on Hildesheim in 1944/45 destroyed large parts of the city. Of the 1500 half-timbered houses, only 200 remained. 90 percent of the historic old town was destroyed in the firestorm. - Bishop Gunthar, who was in office in Hildesheim from 815 to 834 had a small basilica built. This served as the original cathedral. The next cathedral was built by Bishop Altfried in 872 as a cruciform three-aisled basilica with a two-story westwork. The building suffered severe fire damage in 1046. Bishop Hezilo built then incorporated the surviving walls into the new building using the foundation of the former basilica. Until the 14th century, further profound changes took place, but without deviating from the ground plan of the basilica. The side chapels date from the Gothic period. From 1840 to 1850, the original west building, which had fallen into disrepair, was replaced by a neo-Romanesque double tower front, which remained in place until 1945. During the air raids on Hildesheim in WWII, the cathedral was completely destroyed except for the west building, the southern nave arcades, and the outer walls. Only the crypt and the Laurentius Chapel from the 11th century were preserved. The cathedral was rebuilt in a simplified form between 1950 and 1960. The baroque elements were abandoned in favor of a form that took its cue from the early Romanesque style. - The Bronzetaufe (bronze baptismal font) in the Cathedral is a late Romanesque baptismal font that was probably made in the early 13th century. Since the reopening of the cathedral after the last renovation, it has been back in the center of the nave under the Hezilo chandelier (prev. upload). The baptismal font was probably donated by Wilbrand of Oldenburg, who was provost in Hildesheim and was consecrated bishop of Paderborn in 1225 and transferred to the bishopric of Utrecht two years later. The name "Wilbernus" is found under the image of the donor. The font is made up of a round pot, which widens towards the top, a tapering lid with four allegorical figures It has a total height of 1.7 m and a diameter of 0,96 m. The symbolic images are dedicated to the theme of baptism. The baptism rests on four male figures that support the whole. They are personifications of the four streams of life that emanate from paradise. All four pour out streams of water from jugs. Moses leading the Exodus of the Israelites across the Red Sea.

Already in the 7th century, it was the location of a fortified Slavonic settlement, at a ford in the Vistula river. Thorn was established in 1231 under the administration of the Teutonic Order. The Teutonic Order had been called earlier by the Polish Duke Conrad of Mazovia to Christianize the pagan Baltic Pruzzes. However, the Order became active only after Emperor Frederick II granted it the right to rule over the land to be conquered in 1226. The foundation stone of the city of Thorn was laid in 1231 and soon after immigrants from Westphalia populated the town. In the 14th century, Thorn joined the Hanseatic League. The Order's efforts to simultaneously expand its sovereignty and control trade led to warlike conflicts. The city was captured by Poland in 1410 during the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War however, after the First Peace of Thorn was signed in 1411, the city fell back to the Teutonic Order. In the 1420s, Polish King Władysław II Jagiełło built the Dybów Castle, located in present-day left-bank Toruń. In 1440, the gentry of Thorn co-founded the Prussian Confederation to further oppose the Knights' policies. The Confederation rose against the Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights in 1454 and its delegation submitted a petition to Polish King Casimir IV Jagiellon asking him to regain power over the region as the rightful ruler. These events led to the Thirteen Years' War. The citizens of the city conquered the Teutonic castle and dismantled the fortifications. In May 1454, a ceremony was held in Toruń, during which the nobility, knights, landowners, mayors, and local officials solemnly swore allegiance to the Polish King. During the war, Toruń financially supported the Polish Army. The Thirteen Years' War ended in 1466, with the Second Peace of Thorn, in which the Teutonic Order renounced any claims to the city and recognized it as part of Poland. During the Great Northern War (Deluge), the city was besieged by Swedish troops. In the second half of the 17th century, tensions between Catholics and Protestants grew. In the early 18th century about half of the population, especially the gentry and middle class, was German-speaking and Protestant, while the other half was Polish-speaking Roman Catholic. The old town of Torun is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. - The erection of the Toruń Cathedral (Church of St. John the Baptist and St. John the Evangelist) was started as a parish church of the old town in about 1270 in the form of a basilica. In 1351, a fire destroyed parts of the building, after which the nave was renewed, abandoning the basilical scheme in favor of a hall church. In 1406 the church tower collapsed, it was rebuilt from 1407 to 1433. Since 1557 the church was evangelical. From 1583 to 1596 Protestants and Catholics used it together. The "Beautiful Madonna of Toruń" (Piękna Madonna z Torunia) is one of the most artistically valuable full-sculptural representations of the Madonna with the Child Jesus, made at the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries. At the end of WWII the statue was stolen by the Germans and taken abroad; there is no trace of the stolen work. The original console with the bust of Moses, which formed the basis for the figure, has been preserved to this day. In place of the lost sculpture today stands as a replacement a faithful copy of the Madonna figure with the Child Jesus created in 1956.

The Cathédrale Saint-Étienne seen today is actually the 5th on the spot. The erection started in 1215 around the same time, when the building of the cathedrals in Reims and Amiens started. The choir was completed in 1235. The stained glass of the choir windows was created until 1250. The same time, the construction of the facade began. Around 1300, construction began on the southern arm of the transept. The sculptured portal is dated to around 1320. The nave was built from around 1320–1350, but the Hundred Years' War slowed the work down and delayed the completion of the south aisle until 1378. The north transept and the towers had not begun at the beginning of the 15th century. In 1478, the nave was vaulted and in 1500 work on the north tower began and was completed after 43 years. The south tower was never completed. The cathedral is known for its fantastic stained windows from the 13th century. Despite the harm, they suffered from the Huguenot iconoclasts, most of them are still intact Here are Moses (EXODUS), the Fall of Adam and Eve (GENESIS) and Samson (JUDGES). Seen on the bottom Moses receiving the tablets of Law above Adam and Eve are expelled from Paradise on top Samson carrying off the gates of Gaza Delilah cutting Samson's hair The Philistines gouge out Samson's eyes The blind Samson, hair now regrown, is guided by a boy Samson between the pillars in the House of the Philistines Samson's body is carried to the burial place of his fathers

The "Basilica di San Vitale" was erected on an octagonal plan from 526 on, when Ravenna was under the rule of the Ostrogoths, followers of the Arianism. It was completed and got consecrated in 547, when Ravenna was part of the Byzantine Empire. The church combines Roman with Byzantine elements. It is most famous for its wealth of Byzantine mosaics, the largest and best preserved outside of Constantinople. It is one of the most important examples of early Christian Byzantine art and architecture in Europe. The impact, that this church had on the Wesern European architecture, can hardly be overestimated. The Palatine Chapel in Aachen, commisioned by Charlemagne, has strong parallels to San Vitale. The mosaic, below the triforium, depicts Abel and Melchizedek bringing their offerings to the altar. God´s accepting hand is above the altar. On the adjoining spandrals are Isaiah (upper right) and Moses loosening his sandals before the Burning Bush (upper left).

The "Liberation of Saint Peter" is an event described in the Acts of the Apostles. Acts 12:7 "And behold, an angel of the Lord stood next to him, and a light shone in the cell. He struck Peter on the side and woke him, saying, "Get up quickly." And the chains fell off his hands." Aelia Eudocia, consort of Valentinian II, had received these chains from Iuvenalis, bishop of Jerusalem. She later presented the relics to her daughter Empress Eudoxia (wife of Valentinian III), who finally bestowed the chains to Pope Leo I (aka "Leo the Great". According to the legend, Leo compared them to the chains of St. Peter's imprisonment in Rome - and miraculously the two chains fused together. The basilica San Pietro in Vincoli (= Saint Peter in Chains) was erected to house these valuable relics. It was consecrated in 439. The basilica underwent several restorations and further work in the eleventh century. Most people entering the church may not have come to see the chains, but the Tomb of Pope Julius II. But there is not only the statue of Moses, Michelangelo's undisputed master work. Moses has horns on his head, based on a description in the Vulgate, the translation of the Bible used at that time. Moses' head is described as "cornuta" there.

The "Liberation of Saint Peter" is an event described in the Acts of the Apostles. Acts 12:7 "And behold, an angel of the Lord stood next to him, and a light shone in the cell. He struck Peter on the side and woke him, saying, "Get up quickly." And the chains fell off his hands." Aelia Eudocia, consort of Valentinian II, had received these chains from Iuvenalis, bishop of Jerusalem. She later presented the relics to her daughter Empress Eudoxia (wife of Valentinian III), who finally bestowed the chains to Pope Leo I (aka "Leo the Great". According to the legend, Leo compared them to the chains of St. Peter's imprisonment in Rome - and miraculously the two chains fused together. The basilica San Pietro in Vincoli (= Saint Peter in Chains) was erected to house these valuable relics. It was consecrated in 439. The basilica underwent several restorations and further work in the eleventh century. Most people entering the church may not have come to see the chains, but the Tomb of Pope Julius II. But there is not only the statue of Moses, Michelangelo's undisputed master work. Moses has horns on his head, based on a description in the Vulgate, the translation of the Bible used at that time. Moses' head is described as "cornuta" there.

The "Liberation of Saint Peter" is an event described in the Acts of the Apostles. Acts 12:7 "And behold, an angel of the Lord stood next to him, and a light shone in the cell. He struck Peter on the side and woke him, saying, "Get up quickly." And the chains fell off his hands." Aelia Eudocia, consort of Valentinian II, had received these chains from Iuvenalis, bishop of Jerusalem. She later presented the relics to her daughter Empress Eudoxia (wife of Valentinian III), who finally bestowed the chains to Pope Leo I (aka "Leo the Great". According to the legend, Leo compared them to the chains of St. Peter's imprisonment in Rome - and miraculously the two chains fused together. The basilica San Pietro in Vincoli (= Saint Peter in Chains) was erected to house these valuable relics. It was consecrated in 439. The basilica underwent several restorations and further work in the eleventh century. Most people entering the church may not have come to see the chains, but the Tomb of Pope Julius II. But there is not only the statue of Moses, Michelangelo's undisputed master work, but as well this statue of the very relaxed Pope Julius II.

The "Liberation of Saint Peter" is an event described in the Acts of the Apostles. Acts 12:7 "And behold, an angel of the Lord stood next to him, and a light shone in the cell. He struck Peter on the side and woke him, saying, "Get up quickly." And the chains fell off his hands." Aelia Eudocia, consort of Valentinian II, had received these chains from Iuvenalis, bishop of Jerusalem. She later presented the relics to her daughter Empress Eudoxia (wife of Valentinian III), who finally bestowed the chains to Pope Leo I (aka "Leo the Great". According to the legend, Leo compared them to the chains of St. Peter's imprisonment in Rome - and miraculously the two chains fused together. The basilica San Pietro in Vincoli (= Saint Peter in Chains) was erected to house these valuable relics. It was consecrated in 439. The basilica underwent several restorations and further work in the eleventh century. Most people entering the church may not have come to see the chains, but the Tomb of Pope Julius II, and in its center the statue of Moses, Michelangelo's undisputed master work.

The "Liberation of Saint Peter" is an event described in the Acts of the Apostles. Acts 12:7 "And behold, an angel of the Lord stood next to him, and a light shone in the cell. He struck Peter on the side and woke him, saying, "Get up quickly." And the chains fell off his hands." Aelia Eudocia, consort of Valentinian II, had received these chains from Iuvenalis, bishop of Jerusalem. She later presented the relics to her daughter Empress Eudoxia (wife of Valentinian III), who finally bestowed the chains to Pope Leo I (aka "Leo the Great". According to the legend, Leo compared them to the chains of St. Peter's imprisonment in Rome - and miraculously the two chains fused together. The basilica San Pietro in Vincoli (= Saint Peter in Chains) was erected to house these valuable relics. It was consecrated in 439. The basilica underwent several restorations and further work in the eleventh century. The portico was added in 1475. Most people entering the church may not have come to see the chains, but one of Michelangelo´s masterworks: the Tomb of Pope Julius II.

Sens was an important place in medieval times. Upto the 11th century the Archbishop of Sens hold the title "Primate of the Gauls and Germania". Thomas Becket lived in Sens for some time, when he was forced to leave England. Here Thomas met Pope Pope Alexander III. In 1141 Bishop Henri Sanglier here caused the condemnation of Peter Abelard. Bishop Henri Sanglier was well connected to the leading political figures. He and Abbot Suger de Saint-Denis were close friends - and had similar architectural ideas. Abbot Suger decided around 1137 to rebuild the Church of Saint-Denis. Bishop Henri started the construction of this cathedral around 1140. It is still discussed, which church is older, as this would be the oldest early Gothic church in France. While in Saint Denis (130kms northwest) the building process came to an halt for some time, the choir of the cathedral in Sens was completed already in 1168. It is sure, as Suger´s church in Saint Denis was an abbey church, the "Cathédrale Saint-Étienne de Sens" is the oldest Gothic cathedral in France. Of course, there were many alterations done later. After the southern tower of the western facade collapsed in 1267 it got rebuilt within the next decades. When Pope Alexander III consecrated the cathedral in 1164 it may not have been fully completed. On 27 May 1234 Louis IX (aka "Saint Louis") married Marguerite de Provence, who was 13 years old at that time. Some of the stained glass windows of the cathedrals were created within the early 13th century. Told here are different, but interconnected "stories", making it a little complex. The top center depicts Jerusalem. The three diamond shapes in the center depict the "Parable of the Good Samaritan" (Luke 10:29–37). Around the top diamond are Adam and Even in the Garden of Eden. Around the diamond in the center are four scenes from the life of Moses. Below, around the third diamond "Jesus being condemned by Pilate", the "Flagellation", the "Crucifixion of Jesus" and the "Myrrhbearers" / "The Three Marys at the Tomb".