Martin M. Miles' photos with the keyword: Mary Stuart

Edinburgh has been the capital of Scotland since the 15th century. With a population of around 525,000, it is the second largest city in Scotland after Glasgow. The city is a cultural centre, and is the home of institutions including the National Museum of Scotland, the National Library of Scotland and the Scottish National Gallery. Edinburgh's Old Town and New Town together are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Castle Rock is of volcanic origin. Archaeological excavations have revealed traces of settlement dating back to around the 9th century BC. It is assumed that a fort was built on Castle Rock in the 7th century. The first documented mention of Edinburgh Castle is found in a chronicle written in the 14th century, in which a castle in Edinburgh is mentioned in connection with the death of King Malcolm III in 1093. The oldest surviving building, St Margaret's Chapel, dates from the beginning of the 12th century. It was not until 1314 that the castle was conquered for the Scots by Robert the Bruce's nephew. The castle was then deliberately destroyed, fell to the English again in 1335 and was retaken in 1341 by Sir William Douglas and his Scots. During the Scottish Wars of Independence (1296-1357), it was repeatedly conquered by English troops and recaptured by Scottish troops, as a result of which the existing building fabric was largely destroyed. David II, Bruce's son, finally had the fortress rebuilt. After his death, kingship passed to the Stuarts (Stewarts), under whose rule the castle became one of the most important royal castles in Scotland. Mary Stuart, the cousin of Queen Elizabeth I of England, also resided here before she was imprisoned in Loch Leven Castle in 1567 and forced to abdicate in favour of her one-year-old son James VI.

The fortress of Dumbarton was the stronghold of the kingdom of Alclud until the Vikings destroyed the fortress after a four-month siege in 870. This led to the emergence of the new kingdom of Strathclyde. The title "king of the Britons of Srath Clúade" was first used in 872. Dumbarton was later the county town of the county of Dumbartonshire. The name comes from the Scottish Gaelic "Dùn Breatainn" meaning "fort of the Brythons (Britons)". Alexander II granted the status of royal burgh in 1222. Dumbarton Castle has the longest recorded history of any stronghold in Scotland. It sits on a volcanic plug of basalt known as Dumbarton Rock. Mary, Queen of Scots stayed at Dumbarton Castle in July 1563. After the defeat at the Battle of Langside in 1568 she tried to reach the Castle, but went instead to England. John Fleming, 5th Lord Fleming, keeper of the Castle went with her into England and was allowed to return. When William Kirkcaldy of Grange governor of Edinburgh Castle changed sides to support Mary, this became a problem for Regent Moray. The subsequent conflict is known as the Marian Civil War. Fleming's defence of Dumbarton for Mary was staunch, assisted by the timely arrival of supply ships from France. The castle was captured by the forces of Regent Lennox in 1571, who used ladders to scale the rock and surprise the garrison. Today not much survives from the medieval castle: the 14th-century Portcullis Arch, the foundations of two towers. There is a 16th-century guard house. Most of the existing structures were built in the 18th century, including the Governor's House.

Inverness was one of the main strongholds of the Picts and was visited in 565 by St Columban of Iona, intending to convert the Pictish king Brude I. A church with a small monastery complex had already been founded by early Celtic monks on St Michael's Mount. The castle above the city was built by King Malcolm III, eldest son of Duncan I. The reign of King Duncan I was marked by the conflict with his cousin Macbeth. All that is known is that Duncan I was killed by Macbeth in the battle near Elgin. In Shakespeare's account, however, Macbeth killed Duncan I in Inverness Castle and Malcolm III is said to have avenged his father's death by destroying the castle in order to build a new castle on its site. The city of Inverness was attacked several times by residents of the Hebrides. In 1187, Donald Bane led the enemy islanders in the Battle of Torvean against the men from Inverness Castle led by Duncan Mackintosh. Both were killed in the battle. Further battles against the MacDonald clan are documented in 1340, 1411 and 1427. In 1554, the Munro clan defeated the Mackintosh clan at the Battle of Clachnaharry west of the city. The MacDonald clan and their allies stormed Inverness Castle in 1491. In 1562, the Queen of Scotland Mary Stuart was denied access to the city by the English governor during the Huntly Rebellion. The Munro and Fraser clans then took the castle for her. The foundation stone for the Inverness Town House was laid in 1878. It was designed in the neoGothic style and was officially opened in 1882. The town's coat of arms carved into a panel on the first floor. The coat of arms is supported by an elephant and a camel, a reminder of Inverness' foreign trade links.

Inverness was one of the main strongholds of the Picts and was visited in 565 by St Columban of Iona, intending to convert the Pictish king Brude I. A church with a small monastery complex had already been founded by early Celtic monks on St Michael's Mount. The castle above the city was built by King Malcolm III, eldest son of Duncan I. The reign of King Duncan I was marked by the conflict with his cousin Macbeth. All that is known is that Duncan I was killed by Macbeth in the battle near Elgin. In Shakespeare's account, however, Macbeth killed Duncan I in Inverness Castle and Malcolm III is said to have avenged his father's death by destroying the castle in order to build a new castle on its site. The city of Inverness was attacked several times by residents of the Hebrides. In 1187, Donald Bane led the enemy islanders in the Battle of Torvean against the men from Inverness Castle led by Duncan Mackintosh. Both were killed in the battle. Further battles against the MacDonald clan are documented in 1340, 1411 and 1427. In 1554, the Munro clan defeated the Mackintosh clan at the Battle of Clachnaharry west of the city. The MacDonald clan and their allies stormed Inverness Castle in 1491. In 1562, the Queen of Scotland Mary Stuart was denied access to the city by the English governor during the Huntly Rebellion. The Munro and Fraser clans then took the castle for her. The foundation stone for the Inverness Town House was laid in 1878. It was designed in the neoGothic style and was officially opened in 1882. Inverness,

Inverness was one of the main strongholds of the Picts and was visited in 565 by St Columban of Iona, intending to convert the Pictish king Brude I. A church with a small monastery complex had already been founded by early Celtic monks on St Michael's Mount. The castle above the city was built by King Malcolm III, eldest son of Duncan I. The reign of King Duncan I was marked by the conflict with his cousin Macbeth. All that is known is that Duncan I was killed by Macbeth in the battle near Elgin. In Shakespeare's account, however, Macbeth killed Duncan I in Inverness Castle and Malcolm III is said to have avenged his father's death by destroying the castle in order to build a new castle on its site. The city of Inverness was attacked several times by residents of the Hebrides. In 1187, Donald Bane led the enemy islanders in the Battle of Torvean against the men from Inverness Castle led by Duncan Mackintosh. Both were killed in the battle. Further battles against the MacDonald clan are documented in 1340, 1411 and 1427. In 1554, the Munro clan defeated the Mackintosh clan at the Battle of Clachnaharry west of the city. The MacDonald clan and their allies stormed Inverness Castle in 1491. In 1562, the Queen of Scotland Mary Stuart was denied access to the city by the English governor during the Huntly Rebellion. The Munro and Fraser clans then took the castle for her. The church in the neo-Gothic style was built from 1866 to 1869 according to designs by the Scottish architect Alexander Ross and has remained architecturally almost unchanged since then. The main façade is flanked by two 30-meter-high towers; the 30-meter-high helmets that the design envisaged were never realized.

Inverness was one of the main strongholds of the Picts and was visited in 565 by St Columban of Iona, intending to convert the Pictish king Brude I. A church with a small monastery complex had already been founded by early Celtic monks on St Michael's Mount. The castle above the city was built by King Malcolm III, eldest son of Duncan I. The reign of King Duncan I was marked by the conflict with his cousin Macbeth. All that is known is that Duncan I was killed by Macbeth in the battle near Elgin. In Shakespeare's account, however, Macbeth killed Duncan I in Inverness Castle and Malcolm III is said to have avenged his father's death by destroying the castle in order to build a new castle on its site. The city of Inverness was attacked several times by residents of the Hebrides. In 1187, Donald Bane led the enemy islanders in the Battle of Torvean against the men from Inverness Castle led by Duncan Mackintosh. Both were killed in the battle. Further battles against the MacDonald clan are documented in 1340, 1411 and 1427. In 1554, the Munro clan defeated the Mackintosh clan at the Battle of Clachnaharry west of the city. The MacDonald clan and their allies stormed Inverness Castle in 1491. In 1562, the Queen of Scotland Mary Stuart was denied access to the city by the English governor during the Huntly Rebellion. The Munro and Fraser clans then took the castle for her. The current structure was built on the site of the original castle. The red sandstone structure is the work of a few 19th-century architects.

Inverness was one of the main strongholds of the Picts and was visited in 565 by St Columban of Iona, intending to convert the Pictish king Brude I. A church with a small monastery complex had already been founded by early Celtic monks on St Michael's Mount. The castle above the city was built by King Malcolm III, eldest son of Duncan I. The reign of King Duncan I was marked by the conflict with his cousin Macbeth. All that is known is that Duncan I was killed by Macbeth in the battle near Elgin. In Shakespeare's account, however, Macbeth killed Duncan I in Inverness Castle and Malcolm III is said to have avenged his father's death by destroying the castle in order to build a new castle on its site. The city of Inverness was attacked several times by residents of the Hebrides. In 1187, Donald Bane led the enemy islanders in the Battle of Torvean against the men from Inverness Castle led by Duncan Mackintosh. Both were killed in the battle. Further battles against the MacDonald clan are documented in 1340, 1411 and 1427. In 1554, the Munro clan defeated the Mackintosh clan at the Battle of Clachnaharry west of the city. The MacDonald clan and their allies stormed Inverness Castle in 1491. In 1562, the Queen of Scotland Mary Stuart was denied access to the city by the English governor during the Huntly Rebellion. The Munro and Fraser clans then took the castle for her.

In the Middle Ages, Linlithgow rose to prominence as a royal town and residence, centred on Linlithgow Palace, a residence of the Scottish kings on the raised hill beside the loch, as it was a logical stopover between Edinburgh to the east and Stirling to the west. In the Middle Ages, Linlithgow rose to prominence as a royal town and residence, centred on Linlithgow Palace, a residence of the Scottish kings on the raised hill beside the loch, as it was a logical stopover between Edinburgh to the east and Stirling to the west. The palace was one of the principal residences of the monarchs of Scotland in the 15th and 16th centuries. Mary, Queen of Scots, was born at Linlithgow Palace in 1542. The security of the palace by fitting was increaed by iron window grills. Regent Arran was worried his enemies, including Cardinal Beaton, would take Mary. He considered putting the queen in Blackness Castle, a stronger fortress. Henry VIII hoped that Mary would be separated from her mother and taken to Tantallon Castle. Mary was teething and plans to move her were delayed. Following lengthy negotiations between the armed factions at Linlithgow, Mary was taken to Stirling Castle by her mother, escorted by the Earl of Lennox, and an armed force. As an adult Queen Mary often visited Linlithgow, but did not commission new building work at the palace. After the Union of the Crowns in 1603 the Royal Court became largely based in England and Linlithgow was used very little. The North Range, said to be in very poor condition and collapsed in 1607. In 1746 the palace burned out.

In the Middle Ages, Linlithgow rose to prominence as a royal town and residence, centred on Linlithgow Palace, a residence of the Scottish kings on the raised hill beside the loch, as it was a logical stopover between Edinburgh to the east and Stirling to the west. In the Middle Ages, Linlithgow rose to prominence as a royal town and residence, centred on Linlithgow Palace, a residence of the Scottish kings on the raised hill beside the loch, as it was a logical stopover between Edinburgh to the east and Stirling to the west. The palace was one of the principal residences of the monarchs of Scotland in the 15th and 16th centuries. Mary, Queen of Scots, was born at Linlithgow Palace in 1542. The security of the palace by fitting was increaed by iron window grills. Regent Arran was worried his enemies, including Cardinal Beaton, would take Mary. He considered putting the queen in Blackness Castle, a stronger fortress. Henry VIII hoped that Mary would be separated from her mother and taken to Tantallon Castle. Mary was teething and plans to move her were delayed. Following lengthy negotiations between the armed factions at Linlithgow, Mary was taken to Stirling Castle by her mother, escorted by the Earl of Lennox, and an armed force. As an adult Queen Mary often visited Linlithgow, but did not commission new building work at the palace. After the Union of the Crowns in 1603 the Royal Court became largely based in England and Linlithgow was used very little. The North Range, said to be in very poor condition and collapsed in 1607. In 1746 the palace burned out.

In the Middle Ages, Linlithgow rose to prominence as a royal town and residence, centred on Linlithgow Palace, a residence of the Scottish kings on the raised hill beside the loch, as it was a logical stopover between Edinburgh to the east and Stirling to the west. In later centuries, Linlithgow became a centre of leather and other material manufacturing before developing rapidly in the Victorian era with the opening of the Union Canal in the 1820s and the arrival of the railway in 1842. Today Linlithgow is a bustling town with a population of around 13,000. King David I of Scotland granted a charter for the establishment of the church in 1138. St Michael's was built on the site of the older church and was consecrated in 1242. Following a fire in 1424, most of the present building dates from the 15th century. Built immediately to the south of Linlithgow Palace, the church was much favoured as a place of worship by Scottish Kings and Queens. Mary, Queen of Scots, was born in Linlithgow Palace in 1542 and was baptised in St Michael's Church. In 1559, at an early stage of the Scottish Reformation, Protestants destroyed the statues adorning the exterior and interior of the church. In 1646, Oliver Cromwell's troops stabled their horses within the nave. Following the departure of the troops, considerable restoration was required. By the early 19th century, the church was in a very poor physical condition. Although repairs were made, many of the historic features of the church were destroyed. While other repairs were completed and the church was rededicated in 1896, the tower was too weakened for restoration of the original crown steeple. In 1964, an aluminium crown was installed. The gate on the left is the entrance to the Linlithgow Palace

In the Middle Ages, Linlithgow rose to prominence as a royal town and residence, centred on Linlithgow Palace, a residence of the Scottish kings on the raised hill beside the loch, as it was a logical stopover between Edinburgh to the east and Stirling to the west. In later centuries, Linlithgow became a centre of leather and other material manufacturing before developing rapidly in the Victorian era with the opening of the Union Canal in the 1820s and the arrival of the railway in 1842. Today Linlithgow is a bustling town with a population of around 13,000. King David I of Scotland granted a charter for the establishment of the church in 1138. St Michael's was built on the site of the older church and was consecrated in 1242. Following a fire in 1424, most of the present building dates from the 15th century. Built immediately to the south of Linlithgow Palace, the church was much favoured as a place of worship by Scottish Kings and Queens. Mary, Queen of Scots, was born in Linlithgow Palace in 1542 and was baptised in St Michael's Church. In 1559, at an early stage of the Scottish Reformation, Protestants destroyed the statues adorning the exterior and interior of the church. In 1646, Oliver Cromwell's troops stabled their horses within the nave. Following the departure of the troops, considerable restoration was required. By the early 19th century, the church was in a very poor physical condition. Although repairs were made, many of the historic features of the church were destroyed. While other repairs were completed and the church was rededicated in 1896, the tower was too weakened for restoration of the original crown steeple. In 1964, an aluminium crown was installed.

Located west of Bo'ness, Kinneil House is the heart of the Kinneil Estate. This imposing mansion dates back to the 16th century. The house was saved from demolition in 1936 when 16th century wall paintings were discovered. Towards the end of the 13th century, the future King Robert I granted the lands in what was then West Lothian to Walter fitz Gilbert, the oldest known ancestor of the Hamilton clan. After James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran was appointed regent for the underage Queen Mary Stuart, he had Kinneil House expanded around 1550. In the course of the conflicts following the queen's fall, James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton had the building attacked and large parts of it blown up with gunpowder. Kinneil House received its current appearance when Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton had extensive renovations and additions made between 1677 and 1688 to create a seat for the House of Hamilton. In the late 18th century, Dr John Roebuck, founder of the Carron Iron Works lived at Kinneil House, during which time the engineer James Watt worked at perfecting his steam engine, in this cottage adjacent to the house.

Located west of Bo'ness, Kinneil House is the heart of the Kinneil Estate. This imposing mansion dates back to the 16th century. The house was saved from demolition in 1936 when 16th century wall paintings were discovered. Towards the end of the 13th century, the future King Robert I granted the lands in what was then West Lothian to Walter fitz Gilbert, the oldest known ancestor of the Hamilton clan. After James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran was appointed regent for the underage Queen Mary Stuart, he had Kinneil House expanded around 1550. In the course of the conflicts following the queen's fall, James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton had the building attacked and large parts of it blown up with gunpowder. Kinneil House received its current appearance when Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton had extensive renovations and additions made between 1677 and 1688 to create a seat for the House of Hamilton.

Douglas developed around Douglas Castle, the ancestral seat of the black line of the influential Clan Douglas and the Earls of Douglas. They were friends to Robert the Bruce and one of the most powerful noble families in 1300s Scotland. This position brought them in conflict with the Stewart King James II and in 1455 they were overthrown. A church was mentioned on the site as early as the 12th century. The current St Bride's Church probably dates from the 14th century. Archibald ‘the Grim’, 3rd earl of Douglas, modified the church as a resting-place for his father, Sir James of Douglas, who died in 1330, and so the church became the mausoleum of the Black Douglases`. Several changes have been made over the centuries. The clock on the tower bears the date 1565. There are reports that the Scottish Queen Mary Stuart donated the clock, which by now may be the oldest known working clock in Scotland. In 1781, the building was in a state of ruin. It was partially demolished and replaced by a new building nearby. In 1878, the choir was rebuilt. Furthermore, fragments of the walls and the tower of the original church have been preserved.

Douglas developed around Douglas Castle, the ancestral seat of the black line of the influential Clan Douglas and the Earls of Douglas. They were friends to Robert the Bruce and one of the most powerful noble families in 1300s Scotland. This position brought them in conflict with the Stewart King James II and in 1455 they were overthrown. A church was mentioned on the site as early as the 12th century. The current St Bride's Church probably dates from the 14th century. Archibald ‘the Grim’, 3rd earl of Douglas, modified the church as a resting-place for his father, Sir James of Douglas, who died in 1330, and so the church became the mausoleum of the Black Douglases`. The effigies of James Stewart and his wife Lady Beatrix Sinclair James Stewart (+ 1443), Seventh Earl of Douglas, First Earl of Avondale, surnamed "the Gross" Beatrix Sinclair Daughter of Henry II Sinclair, Earl of Orkney - When William Douglas, 6th Earl of Douglas, the son of his nephew Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Douglas, was executed in 1440, James succeeded him as 7th Earl of Douglas.

Douglas developed around Douglas Castle, the ancestral seat of the black line of the influential Clan Douglas and the Earls of Douglas. They were friends to Robert the Bruce and one of the most powerful noble families in 1300s Scotland. A church was mentioned on the site as early as the 12th century. The current St Bride's Church probably dates from the 14th century. Archibald ‘the Grim’, 3rd earl of Douglas, modified the church as a resting-place for his father, Sir James of Douglas, who died in 1330. Several changes have been made over the centuries. The clock on the tower bears the date 1565. There are reports that the Scottish Queen Mary Stuart donated the clock, which by now may be the oldest known working clock in Scotland. In 1781, the building was in a state of ruin. It was partially demolished and replaced by a new building nearby. In 1878, the choir was rebuilt. Furthermore, fragments of the walls and the tower of the original church have been preserved.

Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, was imprisoned in (now ruined) Tutbury Castle in 1569. The castle had been the headquarters of Henry de Ferrers once, who with his wife Bertha endowed Tutbury Priory with two manors in about 1080. It would seem that Tutbury at that time was a dependency of the Norman abbey of St Pierre‑sur‑Dives. St Mary´s church was completed around 1089 uns served the monks and he parish. The West front of the church, the oldest surviving part of the building, is dated from around 1160 - 1170. Most of the nave was rebuilt in the 13th century. At the Reformation the eastern part of the church, which served the monastic community, was demolished along with the priory buildings. The South tower appears to be a 16th-century addition. The north aisle is an addition of 1820-2 by Joseph B H Bennett. The chancel was replaced in 1866 The weathered tympanum above the side portal

Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, was imprisoned in (now ruined) Tutbury Castle in 1569. The castle had been the headquarters of Henry de Ferrers once, who with his wife Bertha endowed Tutbury Priory with two manors in about 1080. It would seem that Tutbury at that time was a dependency of the Norman abbey of St Pierre‑sur‑Dives. St Mary´s church was completed around 1089 uns served the monks and he parish. The West front of the church, the oldest surviving part of the building, is dated from around 1160 - 1170. Most of the nave was rebuilt in the 13th century. At the Reformation the eastern part of the church, which served the monastic community, was demolished along with the priory buildings. The South tower appears to be a 16th-century addition. The north aisle is an addition of 1820-2 by Joseph B H Bennett. The chancel was replaced in 1866 The western portal - details / The carving style is very reminiscent of archivolts from the Poitou area in France.