Martin M. Miles' photos with the keyword: Goethe

Even before Leipzig was first mentioned in a document in 1015, a Slavic settlement existed here. The city was founded in 1165 when Margrave Otto the Rich of Meissen granted city and market rights to the city at the intersection of the Via Regia and the Via Imperii. Leipzig was in the Margraviate of Meissen, which became part of the Electorate of Saxony in 1439. Leipzig then belonged to the Duchy of Saxony, whose capital was chosen to be Dresden, which had been insignificant compared to Leipzig or Meissen. Leipzig was often the place where the state parliament met, but Leipzig was never a residence city or a bishop's seat and has always been shaped by the urban bourgeoisie. The University of Leipzig was founded in 1409 as "Alma Mater Lipsiensis" and was thus one of the three oldest universities in Germany. After being elevated to the status of "Reichsmessestadt" (imperial trade fair city) in 1497 and an extension of the staple right by the future Emperor Maximilian I, Leipzig became a trade fair city of European standing. It developed into the most important German trading center for the exchange of goods between Eastern and Western Europe. Alongside London, the Leipziger Brühl became the international trade center for the fur industry, and the important role played by the Leipzig Jewish community was closely linked to it. In 1539, the Reformation was finally introduced in Leipzig by Luther and Justus Jonas. Over decades, the development of Leipzig was characterized above all by the constantly improving living conditions. As a trading and trade fair city of increasing importance, Leipzig benefited from the wealthy Leipzig merchant class. The Thirty Years' War was a severe cut in the prosperous development of the city. Between 1631 and 1642 the city was besieged five times, from 1642 to 1650 it was occupied by the Swedes. The "Völkerschlacht" (Battle of Leipzig) near Leipzig took place in 1813. In this battle, the allied armies of Austria, Prussia, Russia and Sweden defeated Napoleon's troops and their allies which ultimately led to Napoleon's banishment to the island of Elba. During WWII there were frequent air raids on the city, which led to considerable destruction of the city center. In 1989, the Monday demonstrations that started at the Nikolaikirche helped herald the end of the GDR. With the occupation of the district administration for state security by demonstrators on December 4, 1989, state surveillance measures ended in Leipzig. Auerbachs Keller Auerbachs Keller is the second oldest restaurant in Leipzig. A wine bar at the site was already mentioned in a historical record dated 1438. The present-day restaurant is located below the Mädlerpassage. Young Goethe often visited Auerbach's Cellar while studying at Leipzig University from 1765 to 1768 and called it his favorite wine bar. He saw there two paintings on wood dating from 1625, one depicting the legendary magician and astrologer Johann Georg Faust drinking with students and the other showing him riding out the door astride a wine barrel. Goethe was already familiar with the Faust legend from his youth, since a puppet show Dr. Faust, was frequently performed at local street fairs. The scene in Auerbachs Keller in his drama Faust I is his literary memorial to his student tavern and to the city, albeit an ironic one. So Auerbachs Keller owes its worldwide fame primarily to Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

The area was inhabited by the Siculi even before the Greeks arrived on the Sicilian coast in 734 BC to found Naxos. After Dionysius I of Syracuse destroyed Naxos in 403 BC a new settlement got established on the nearby Mount Taurus which gradually grew up into the city of "Tauromenium" (= Taormina). It developed into a prospering city in Greek and later Roman times when it was only one of the three cities in Sicily which enjoyed the privileges of a "civitas foederata". After the fall of the Roman Empire, Taormina continued to rank as one of the important towns, and because of the strength of its position was one of the last places that was retained by the Byzantine emperors. It was finally taken by the Fatimids in 962 after a siege of 30 weeks. In 1078 it was captured by the Norman count Roger I of Sicily. In the end of the 18th century Northern European travellers started to visit (and write about) Taormina. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe visited in 1786, and Henry Swinburne´s "Travels in the two Sicilies" was published in 1783. In the 19th century Taormina was part of the "Grand Tour" and international nobility and celebrity visited and often settled. Isola Bella is located within a small bay on the Ionian Sea. Since 1990 it is a nature reserve, administrated by the Italian branch of the World Wide Fund for Nature. There is a narrow path that often connects the island to the mainland beach. The island is surrounded by sea grottos and has a small and rather rocky beach. I have already uploaded a lot of photos previously taken in Sicily. Now I will add only a few. If you want to see more, follow this link: www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/album/1238300

The area was inhabited by the Siculi even before the Greeks arrived on the Sicilian coast in 734 BC to found Naxos. After Dionysius I of Syracuse destroyed Naxos in 403 BC a new settlement got established on the nearby Mount Taurus which gradually grew up into the city of "Tauromenium" (= Taormina). It developed into a prospering city in Greek and later Roman times when it was only one of the three cities in Sicily which enjoyed the privileges of a "civitas foederata". After the fall of the Roman Empire, Taormina continued to rank as one of the important towns, and because of the strength of its position was one of the last places that was retained by the Byzantine emperors. It was finally taken by the Fatimids in 962 after a siege of 30 weeks. In 1078 it was captured by the Norman count Roger I of Sicily. In the end of the 18th century Northern European travellers started to visit (and write about) Taormina. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe visited in 1786, and Henry Swinburne´s "Travels in the two Sicilies" was published in 1783. In the 19th century Taormina was part of the "Grand Tour" and international nobility and celebrity visited and often settled. Mount Etna, seen from Taormina I have already uploaded a lot of photos previously taken in Sicily. Now I will add only a few. If you want to see more, follow this link: www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/album/1238300

The area was inhabited by the Siculi even before the Greeks arrived on the Sicilian coast in 734 BC to found Naxos. After Dionysius I of Syracuse destroyed Naxos in 403 BC a new settlement got established on the nearby Mount Taurus which gradually grew up into the city of "Tauromenium" (= Taormina). It developed into a prospering city in Greek and later Roman times when it was only one of the three cities in Sicily which enjoyed the privileges of a "civitas foederata". After the fall of the Roman Empire, Taormina continued to rank as one of the important towns, and because of the strength of its position was one of the last places that was retained by the Byzantine emperors. It was finally taken by the Fatimids in 962 after a siege of 30 weeks. In 1078 it was captured by the Norman count Roger I of Sicily. In the end of the 18th century Northern European travellers started to visit (and write about) Taormina. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe visited in 1786, and Henry Swinburne´s "Travels in the two Sicilies" was published in 1783. In the 19th century Taormina was part of the "Grand Tour" and international nobility and celebrity visited and often settled. You can still see from the outside that the restaurant "Museo della Pasta" is housed in a former church. I have already uploaded a lot of photos previously taken in Sicily. Now I will add only a few. If you want to see more, follow this link: www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/album/1238300

The area was inhabited by the Siculi even before the Greeks arrived on the Sicilian coast in 734 BC to found Naxos. After Dionysius I of Syracuse destroyed Naxos in 403 BC a new settlement got established on the nearby Mount Taurus which gradually grew up into the city of "Tauromenium" (= Taormina). It developed into a prospering city in Greek and later Roman times when it was only one of the three cities in Sicily which enjoyed the privileges of a "civitas foederata". After the fall of the Roman Empire, Taormina continued to rank as one of the important towns, and because of the strength of its position was one of the last places that was retained by the Byzantine emperors. It was finally taken by the Fatimids in 962 after a siege of 30 weeks. In 1078 it was captured by the Norman count Roger I of Sicily. In the end of the 18th century Northern European travellers started to visit (and write about) Taormina. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe visited in 1786, and Henry Swinburne´s "Travels in the two Sicilies" was published in 1783. In the 19th century Taormina was part of the "Grand Tour" and international nobility and celebrity visited and often settled. In Sicily, extraordinary and often colorful ceramics are made. The pieces are offered in Taormina by Di Blasi. I have already uploaded a lot of photos previously taken in Sicily. Now I will add only a few. If you want to see more, follow this link: www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/album/1238300

The area was inhabited by the Siculi even before the Greeks arrived on the Sicilian coast in 734 BC to found Naxos. After Dionysius I of Syracuse destroyed Naxos in 403 BC a new settlement got established on the nearby Mount Taurus which gradually grew up into the city of "Tauromenium" (= Taormina). It developed into a prospering city in Greek and later Roman times when it was only one of the three cities in Sicily which enjoyed the privileges of a "civitas foederata". After the fall of the Roman Empire, Taormina continued to rank as one of the important towns, and because of the strength of its position was one of the last places that was retained by the Byzantine emperors. It was finally taken by the Fatimids in 962 after a siege of 30 weeks. In 1078 it was captured by the Norman count Roger I of Sicily. In the end of the 18th century Northern European travellers started to visit (and write about) Taormina. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe visited in 1786, and Henry Swinburne´s "Travels in the two Sicilies" was published in 1783. In the 19th century Taormina was part of the "Grand Tour" and international nobility and celebrity visited and often settled. The church of San Giuseppe is located near the Porta dell'Orologio, in the historical center of Taormina.The church was built between the 17th and 18th centuries as the seat of the "Anime del Purgatorio" (= Brotherhood of the Souls in Purgatory). I have already uploaded a lot of photos previously taken in Sicily. Now I will add only a few. If you want to see more, follow this link: www.ipernity.com/doc/323415/album/1238300

The area was inhabited by the Siculi even before the Greeks arrived on the Sicilian coast in 734 BC to found Naxos. After Dionysius I of Syracuse destroyed Naxos in 403 BC a new settlement got established on the nearby Mount Taurus which gradually grew up into the city of "Tauromenium" (= Taormina). It developed into a prospering city in Greek and later Roman times when it was only one of the three cities in Sicily which enjoyed the privileges of a "civitas foederata". After the fall of the Roman Empire, Taormina continued to rank as one of the important towns, and because of the strength of its position was one of the last places that was retained by the Byzantine emperors. It was finally taken by the Fatimids in 962 after a siege of 30 weeks. In 1078 it was captured by the Norman count Roger I of Sicily. In the end of the 18th century Northern European travellers started to visit (and write about) Taormina. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe visited in 1786, and Henry Swinburne´s "Travels in the two Sicilies" was published in 1783. In the 19th century Taormina was part of the "Grand Tour" and international nobility and celebrity visited and often settled.

The area was inhabited by the Siculi even before the Greeks arrived on the Sicilian coast in 734 BC to found Naxos. After Dionysius I of Syracuse destroyed Naxos in 403 BC a new settlement got established on the nearby Mount Taurus which gradually grew up into the city of "Tauromenium" (= Taormina). It developed into a prospering city in Greek and later Roman times when it was only one of the three cities in Sicily which enjoyed the privileges of a "civitas foederata". After the fall of the Roman Empire, Taormina continued to rank as one of the important towns, and because of the strength of its position was one of the last places that were retained by the Byzantine emperors. It was finally taken by the Fatimids in 962 after a siege of 30 weeks. In 1078 it was captured by the Norman count Roger I of Sicily. At the end of the 18th century Northern European travelers started to visit (and write about) Taormina. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe visited in 1786, and Henry Swinburne´s "Travels in the two Sicilies" was published in 1783. In the 19th century, Taormina was part of the "Grand Tour" and international nobility and celebrity visited and often settled. The church of Santa Caterina was built in the first half of the 17th century in Baroque style on the ruins of the Odeon, a small Roman theater, a small part of which survives.

The area was inhabited by the Siculi even before the Greeks arrived on the Sicilian coast in 734 BC to found Naxos. After Dionysius I of Syracuse destroyed Naxos in 403 BC a new settlement got established on the nearby Mount Taurus which gradually grew up into the city of "Tauromenium" (= Taormina). It developed into a prospering city in Greek and later Roman times when it was only one of the three cities in Sicily which enjoyed the privileges of a "civitas foederata". After the fall of the Roman Empire, Taormina continued to rank as one of the important towns, and because of the strength of its position was one of the last places that was retained by the Byzantine emperors. It was finally taken by the Fatimids in 962 after a siege of 30 weeks. In 1078 it was captured by the Norman count Roger I of Sicily. In the end of the 18th century Northern European travellers started to visit (and write about) Taormina. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe visited in 1786, Henry Swinburne´s "Travels in the two Sicilies" was published in 1783. In the 19th century Taormina was part of the "Grand Tour" and international nobility and celebrity visited and often settled. The Church of Santa Caterina was built in the Baroque style in the first half of the 17th century on the ruins of the Odeon, a small Roman theater.

The "Tempietto del Clitunno" (= "Temple of Clitumnus") is a small church that sits along the banks of the Clitunno, just about 1km north of the source of the river. In Roman times this was a shrine dedicated to the river god Clitumnus, built along the Via Flaminia. It was described by Pliny the Younger and Virgil. It was converted into a paleochristian church, dedicated to San Salvatore, altered and rebuilt many times with spolia from the many nearby Roman ruins. To see the Tempietto del Clitunno was part of the "Grand Tour" in the 18th century, even Johann Wolfgang Goethe has been here. Since 2011, the Tempietto del Clitunno is listed as a "Lombards in Italy: placesof power" which makes a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, just as Saint Salvatore in Spoleto. I was here on a monday, when the Tempietto del Clitunno is closed.

The "Tempietto del Clitunno" (= "Temple of Clitumnus") is a small church that sits along the banks of the Clitunno, just about 1km north of the source of the river. In Roman times this was a shrine dedicated to the river god Clitumnus, built along the Via Flaminia. It was described by Pliny the Younger and Virgil. It was converted into a paleochristian church, later dedicated to San Salvatore, altered and rebuilt many times with spolia from the many nearby Roman ruins. To see the Tempietto del Clitunno was part of the "Grand Tour" in the 18th century, even Johann Wolfgang Goethe has been here. Since 2011, the Tempietto del Clitunno is listed as a "Lombards in Italy: placesof power" which makes a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, just as Saint Salvatore in Spoleto. I was here on a monday, when the Tempietto del Clitunno is closed.