OperaMania's photos

As Carmen " Carmen" by Bizet EMMA CALVE (Rosa Emma Calvet de Noëmie Roquer) (August 15, 1858 – January 6, 1942), French Soprano Her operatic debut occurred on September 23, 1881, in Gounod's Faust at Brussels' La Monnaie. Later she sang at La Scala in Milan, and also at the principal theatres of Naples, Rome, and Florence. Returning to Paris in 1891, she created the part of Suzel in L'amico Fritz by Pietro Mascagni, playing and singing the role later at Rome. Because of her great success in it, she was chosen to appear[citation needed] as Santuzza in the French premiere of Cavalleria rusticana, which was viewed as one of her greatest parts. She repeated her success in it in London. Her next triumph was Bizet's Carmen. Before beginning the study of this part, she went to Spain, learned the Spanish dances, mingled with the people and patterned her characterization after the cigarette girls whom she watched at their work and at play. In 1894, she made her appearance in the role at the Opéra-Comique, Paris. The city's opera-goers immediately hailed her as the greatest Carmen that had ever appeared, a verdict other cities would later echo. She had had many famous predecessors in the role, including Adelina Patti, Minnie Hauk and Célestine Galli-Marié, but critics and musicians agreed that in Calvé they had found their ideal of Bizet's cigarette girl of Seville. Calvé first appeared in America in the season of 1893–1894 as Mignon. She would make regular visits to the country, both in grand opera and in concert tours. After making her Metropolitan Opera debut as Santuzza, she went on to appear a total of 261 times with the company between 1893 and 1904. She created the part of Anita, which was written for her, in Massenet's La Navarraise in London in 1894 and sang Sapho in an opera written by the same composer. She sang Ophélie in Ambroise Thomas's Hamlet in Paris in 1899, but the part was not suited to her and she dropped it. She appeared with success in many roles, among them, as the Countess in The Marriage of Figaro, the title role in Félicien David's Lalla-Rookh, as Pamina in The Magic Flute, and as Camille in Hérold's Zampa, but she is best known as Carmen .

as Manon 'Manon" by Massenet Mary Garden (20 February 1874 – 3 January 1967) Scottish-American Soprano Studied with Sarah Robinson-Duff in Chicago In 1896 further studies in Paris, Trabadelo ,Lucien Fugere ,Jacques Bouhy ,Jules Chevalier, Mathilde Marchesi and Sybil Sanderson .Garden made her professional opera debut with the company on 10 April 1900 in the title role of Louise in "Louise" by Charpentier.In 1901 she starred in two world premieres, Marie in "La Marseillaise" by Lambert and Diane in "La file de Tabarin" by Pierne. That same year she sang the title role in Massenet's " Thais" at Aix-les-Bains, and sang both the title roles in Massenet's "Manon" and Messager's "Madam Chrysantheme" at the Opera de Monte Carlo of Sanderson. In 1902, Claude Debussy selected her to play the female lead at the Opéra-Comique debut of his "Pelleas et Melisande". She also created a sensation as "Salome" in the French version of Richard Strauss's opera of that name. At Covent Garden she sang Manon, Juliette in Gounod's 'Romeo et Juliette", and Marguerite in Gounod's "Faust" during the 1902 and 1903 seasons.. Her performances at the Opéra-Comique during this time included the title role in Massenet's "Griselidis" (1902), Violetta in Verdi's "La Traviatta" (1903), the title role in the world premiere of Xavier Leroux's "La reine Flamette" (1903), and the title role in Saint Seans's "Helene" (1905). In 1905 she sang at the Opera de Monte Carlo in the world premiere of Massenet's "Cherubin" a role which the composer wrote specifically for her. The following year she returned to the Opéra-Comique to sing Chrysis in the world premiere of Camille Erlanger's "Aphrodite".She made her American debut in the Manhattan Opera House on 25 November 1907 in the title role in "Thais, and in Massenet's 'Le jonglur de Notre Dame" (1908) and in the United States premiere of Pelléas et Mélisande. In 1908 she returned to Paris to join the roster at the Opera National Paris. She sang there for one season, notably portraying Ophelia in Thomas's "Hamlet" (1908) and the title part in Henry Fevrier's "Monna Vanna" (1909) among other roles. She also sang the role of Marguerite in Gounod's "Faust" (1909) in Brussells. Returned to New York in 1909 to perform the title role in Richard Strauss's "Salome" ,At Chicargo Grand Opera where she sang from 1910 to 1913 in such roles as Mélisande, Fanny in Massenet's "Sapho", Dulcinée in Massenet's "Don Quichotte", the Prince in Massenet's "Cendrillon", the title role inBixet's "Carmen", title role in Puccini's "Tosca". During this time she also sang in other American cities, notably appearing in the world premiere of Vicotr Herbert's 'Natoma" in Philadelphia on 25 February 1911 Garden retired from the opera stage in 1934, after making her last appearance as Katyusha in Franco Alfano's Risurrezione at the Opéra-Comique

as Manon 'Manon" by Massenet Mary Garden (20 February 1874 – 3 January 1967) Scottish-American Soprano Studied with Sarah Robinson-Duff in Chicago In 1896 further studies in Paris, Trabadelo ,Lucien Fugere ,Jacques Bouhy ,Jules Chevalier, Mathilde Marchesi and Sybil Sanderson .Garden made her professional opera debut with the company on 10 April 1900 in the title role of Louise in "Louise" by Charpentier.In 1901 she starred in two world premieres, Marie in "La Marseillaise" by Lambert and Diane in "La file de Tabarin" by Pierne. That same year she sang the title role in Massenet's " Thais" at Aix-les-Bains, and sang both the title roles in Massenet's "Manon" and Messager's "Madam Chrysantheme" at the Opera de Monte Carlo of Sanderson. In 1902, Claude Debussy selected her to play the female lead at the Opéra-Comique debut of his "Pelleas et Melisande". She also created a sensation as "Salome" in the French version of Richard Strauss's opera of that name. At Covent Garden she sang Manon, Juliette in Gounod's 'Romeo et Juliette", and Marguerite in Gounod's "Faust" during the 1902 and 1903 seasons.. Her performances at the Opéra-Comique during this time included the title role in Massenet's "Griselidis" (1902), Violetta in Verdi's "La Traviatta" (1903), the title role in the world premiere of Xavier Leroux's "La reine Flamette" (1903), and the title role in Saint Seans's "Helene" (1905). In 1905 she sang at the Opera de Monte Carlo in the world premiere of Massenet's "Cherubin" a role which the composer wrote specifically for her. The following year she returned to the Opéra-Comique to sing Chrysis in the world premiere of Camille Erlanger's "Aphrodite".She made her American debut in the Manhattan Opera House on 25 November 1907 in the title role in "Thais, and in Massenet's 'Le jonglur de Notre Dame" (1908) and in the United States premiere of Pelléas et Mélisande. In 1908 she returned to Paris to join the roster at the Opera National Paris. She sang there for one season, notably portraying Ophelia in Thomas's "Hamlet" (1908) and the title part in Henry Fevrier's "Monna Vanna" (1909) among other roles. She also sang the role of Marguerite in Gounod's "Faust" (1909) in Brussells. Returned to New York in 1909 to perform the title role in Richard Strauss's "Salome" ,At Chicargo Grand Opera where she sang from 1910 to 1913 in such roles as Mélisande, Fanny in Massenet's "Sapho", Dulcinée in Massenet's "Don Quichotte", the Prince in Massenet's "Cendrillon", the title role inBixet's "Carmen", title role in Puccini's "Tosca". During this time she also sang in other American cities, notably appearing in the world premiere of Vicotr Herbert's 'Natoma" in Philadelphia on 25 February 1911 Garden retired from the opera stage in 1934, after making her last appearance as Katyusha in Franco Alfano's Risurrezione at the Opéra-Comique

As Orlanda & Danielo in "La Riene Flamette" by Leroux CREATORS opera Comique Paris 12/12/1903 Mary Garden (20 February 1874 – 3 January 1967) Scottish-American Soprano .Adolphe (Alphonse) Maréchal (26 September 1867 – 1 February 1935) Belgian Tenor Studied at the Liege Conservatoire, Debut at Dijon in 1891 and toured the French provinces, singing in Rheims, Nice, Bordeaux, and especially at the Théâtre du Grand Cercle in Aix-les-Bains.He was engaged by the Opera Comique in 1895, making his debut as Don José in "Carmen" by Bizet on 7 October 1895. His repertoire at the Opéra-Comique covered (Turrido) "Cavalleria Rusticana", (Ottavio) "Don Juan", (Sylvain) "Les dragons de Villars", (Gérald) "Lakme", Manon (des Grieux) "Manon", (Vincent) "Mireille" , (Araquil) "La Navarraise", (Un faucheur) "Le patdon de Ploermel", (Nadir) "Les pecheurs de perles", (Mergy) "Le Pre-aux clercs" and (Mylio) "Le roi d'Ys". He also sang in several premieres, notably " Louise" in 1900 (Julien) and "Grideldis" in 1901 (Alain), "La reine Flamette" (Danielo) as well as enjoying a success in the Paris premiere of " La Boheme" (Rodolphe) At the Opera de Monte Carlo he created the role of Jean in "Le jongleur de Notre Dame" in 1902, and made his debut at Covent Garden the same year as Don José, also appearing in Faust, Manon and the première of The Princess Osra by Herbert Bunning.He retired back to Belgium in 1907

as Thais in "Thais" by Massenet Mary Garden (20 February 1874 – 3 January 1967) Scottish-American Soprano Studied with Sarah Robinson-Duff in Chicago In 1896 further studies in Paris, Trabadelo ,Lucien Fugere ,Jacques Bouhy ,Jules Chevalier, Mathilde Marchesi and Sybil Sanderson .Garden made her professional opera debut with the company on 10 April 1900 in the title role of Louise in "Louise" by Charpentier.In 1901 she starred in two world premieres, Marie in "La Marseillaise" by Lambert and Diane in "La file de Tabarin" by Pierne. That same year she sang the title role in Massenet's " Thais" at Aix-les-Bains, and sang both the title roles in Massenet's "Manon" and Messager's "Madam Chrysantheme" at the Opera de Monte Carlo of Sanderson. In 1902, Claude Debussy selected her to play the female lead at the Opéra-Comique debut of his "Pelleas et Melisande". She also created a sensation as "Salome" in the French version of Richard Strauss's opera of that name. At Covent Garden she sang Manon, Juliette in Gounod's 'Romeo et Juliette", and Marguerite in Gounod's "Faust" during the 1902 and 1903 seasons.. Her performances at the Opéra-Comique during this time included the title role in Massenet's "Griselidis" (1902), Violetta in Verdi's "La Traviatta" (1903), the title role in the world premiere of Xavier Leroux's "La reine Flamette" (1903), and the title role in Saint Seans's "Helene" (1905). In 1905 she sang at the Opera de Monte Carlo in the world premiere of Massenet's "Cherubin" a role which the composer wrote specifically for her. The following year she returned to the Opéra-Comique to sing Chrysis in the world premiere of Camille Erlanger's "Aphrodite".She made her American debut in the Manhattan Opera House on 25 November 1907 in the title role in "Thais, and in Massenet's 'Le jonglur de Notre Dame" (1908) and in the United States premiere of Debussy's "Pelléas et Mélisande". In 1908 she returned to Paris to join the roster at the Opera National Paris. She sang there for one season, notably portraying Ophelia in Thomas's "Hamlet" (1908) and the title part in Henry Fevrier's "Monna Vanna" (1909) among other roles. She also sang the role of Marguerite in Gounod's "Faust" (1909) in Brussells. Returned to New York in 1909 to perform the title role in Richard Strauss's "Salome" ,At Chicargo Grand Opera where she sang from 1910 to 1913 in such roles as Mélisande, Fanny in Massenet's "Sapho", Dulcinée in Massenet's "Don Quichotte", the Prince in Massenet's "Cendrillon", the title role inBixet's "Carmen", title role in Puccini's "Tosca". During this time she also sang in other American cities, notably appearing in the world premiere of Vicotr Herbert's 'Natoma" in Philadelphia on 25 February 1911 Garden retired from the opera stage in 1934, after making her last appearance as Katyusha in Franco Alfano's Risurrezione at the Opéra-Comique

as Thais in "Thais" by Massenet Mary Garden (20 February 1874 – 3 January 1967) Scottish-American Soprano Studied with Sarah Robinson-Duff in Chicago In 1896 further studies in Paris, Trabadelo ,Lucien Fugere ,Jacques Bouhy ,Jules Chevalier, Mathilde Marchesi and Sybil Sanderson .Garden made her professional opera debut with the company on 10 April 1900 in the title role of Louise in "Louise" by Charpentier.In 1901 she starred in two world premieres, Marie in "La Marseillaise" by Lambert and Diane in "La file de Tabarin" by Pierne. That same year she sang the title role in Massenet's " Thais" at Aix-les-Bains, and sang both the title roles in Massenet's "Manon" and Messager's "Madam Chrysantheme" at the Opera de Monte Carlo of Sanderson. In 1902, Claude Debussy selected her to play the female lead at the Opéra-Comique debut of his "Pelleas et Melisande". She also created a sensation as "Salome" in the French version of Richard Strauss's opera of that name. At Covent Garden she sang Manon, Juliette in Gounod's 'Romeo et Juliette", and Marguerite in Gounod's "Faust" during the 1902 and 1903 seasons.. Her performances at the Opéra-Comique during this time included the title role in Massenet's "Griselidis" (1902), Violetta in Verdi's "La Traviatta" (1903), the title role in the world premiere of Xavier Leroux's "La reine Flamette" (1903), and the title role in Saint Seans's "Helene" (1905). In 1905 she sang at the Opera de Monte Carlo in the world premiere of Massenet's "Cherubin" a role which the composer wrote specifically for her. The following year she returned to the Opéra-Comique to sing Chrysis in the world premiere of Camille Erlanger's "Aphrodite".She made her American debut in the Manhattan Opera House on 25 November 1907 in the title role in "Thais, and in Massenet's 'Le jonglur de Notre Dame" (1908) and in the United States premiere of Pelléas et Mélisande. In 1908 she returned to Paris to join the roster at the Opera National Paris. She sang there for one season, notably portraying Ophelia in Thomas's "Hamlet" (1908) and the title part in Henry Fevrier's "Monna Vanna" (1909) among other roles. She also sang the role of Marguerite in Gounod's "Faust" (1909) in Brussells. Returned to New York in 1909 to perform the title role in Richard Strauss's "Salome" ,At Chicargo Grand Opera where she sang from 1910 to 1913 in such roles as Mélisande, Fanny in Massenet's "Sapho", Dulcinée in Massenet's "Don Quichotte", the Prince in Massenet's "Cendrillon", the title role inBixet's "Carmen", title role in Puccini's "Tosca". During this time she also sang in other American cities, notably appearing in the world premiere of Vicotr Herbert's 'Natoma" in Philadelphia on 25 February 1911 Garden retired from the opera stage in 1934, after making her last appearance as Katyusha in Franco Alfano's Risurrezione at the Opéra-Comique

as Chrysis in "Aphrodite" by Erlanger CREATOR Opera Comique Paris 27/3/1906 Mary Garden (20 February 1874 – 3 January 1967) Scottish-American Soprano Studied with Sarah Robinson-Duff in Chicago In 1896 further studies in Paris, Trabadelo ,Lucien Fugere ,Jacques Bouhy ,Jules Chevalier, Mathilde Marchesi and Sybil Sanderson .Garden made her professional opera debut with the company on 10 April 1900 in the title role of Louise in "Louise" by Charpentier.In 1901 she starred in two world premieres, Marie in "La Marseillaise" by Lambert and Diane in "La file de Tabarin" by Pierne. That same year she sang the title role in Massenet's " Thais" at Aix-les-Bains, and sang both the title roles in Massenet's "Manon" and Messager's "Madam Chrysantheme" at the Opera de Monte Carlo of Sanderson. In 1902, Claude Debussy selected her to play the female lead at the Opéra-Comique debut of his "Pelleas et Melisande". She also created a sensation as "Salome" in the French version of Richard Strauss's opera of that name. At Covent Garden she sang Manon, Juliette in Gounod's 'Romeo et Juliette", and Marguerite in Gounod's "Faust" during the 1902 and 1903 seasons.. Her performances at the Opéra-Comique during this time included the title role in Massenet's "Griselidis" (1902), Violetta in Verdi's "La Traviatta" (1903), the title role in the world premiere of Xavier Leroux's "La reine Flamette" (1903), and the title role in Saint Seans's "Helene" (1905). In 1905 she sang at the Opera de Monte Carlo in the world premiere of Massenet's "Cherubin" a role which the composer wrote specifically for her. The following year she returned to the Opéra-Comique to sing Chrysis in the world premiere of Camille Erlanger's "Aphrodite".She made her American debut in the Manhattan Opera House on 25 November 1907 in the title role in "Thais, and in Massenet's 'Le jonglur de Notre Dame" (1908) and in the United States premiere of Pelléas et Mélisande. In 1908 she returned to Paris to join the roster at the Opera National Paris. She sang there for one season, notably portraying Ophelia in Thomas's "Hamlet" (1908) and the title part in Henry Fevrier's "Monna Vanna" (1909) among other roles. She also sang the role of Marguerite in Gounod's "Faust" (1909) in Brussells. Returned to New York in 1909 to perform the title role in Richard Strauss's "Salome" ,At Chicargo Grand Opera where she sang from 1910 to 1913 in such roles as Mélisande, Fanny in Massenet's "Sapho", Dulcinée in Massenet's "Don Quichotte", the Prince in Massenet's "Cendrillon", the title role inBixet's "Carmen", title role in Puccini's "Tosca". During this time she also sang in other American cities, notably appearing in the world premiere of Vicotr Herbert's 'Natoma" in Philadelphia on 25 February 1911 Garden retired from the opera stage in 1934, after making her last appearance as Katyusha in Franco Alfano's Risurrezione at the Opéra-Comique

as Chrysis in "Aphrodite" by Erlanger CREATOR Opera Comique Paris 27/3/1906 Mary Garden (20 February 1874 – 3 January 1967) Scottish-American Soprano Studied with Sarah Robinson-Duff in Chicago In 1896 further studies in Paris, Trabadelo ,Lucien Fugere ,Jacques Bouhy ,Jules Chevalier, Mathilde Marchesi and Sybil Sanderson .Garden made her professional opera debut with the company on 10 April 1900 in the title role of Louise in "Louise" by Charpentier.In 1901 she starred in two world premieres, Marie in "La Marseillaise" by Lambert and Diane in "La file de Tabarin" by Pierne. That same year she sang the title role in Massenet's " Thais" at Aix-les-Bains, and sang both the title roles in Massenet's "Manon" and Messager's "Madam Chrysantheme" at the Opera de Monte Carlo of Sanderson. In 1902, Claude Debussy selected her to play the female lead at the Opéra-Comique debut of his "Pelleas et Melisande". She also created a sensation as "Salome" in the French version of Richard Strauss's opera of that name. At Covent Garden she sang Manon, Juliette in Gounod's 'Romeo et Juliette", and Marguerite in Gounod's "Faust" during the 1902 and 1903 seasons.. Her performances at the Opéra-Comique during this time included the title role in Massenet's "Griselidis" (1902), Violetta in Verdi's "La Traviatta" (1903), the title role in the world premiere of Xavier Leroux's "La reine Flamette" (1903), and the title role in Saint Seans's "Helene" (1905). In 1905 she sang at the Opera de Monte Carlo in the world premiere of Massenet's "Cherubin" a role which the composer wrote specifically for her. The following year she returned to the Opéra-Comique to sing Chrysis in the world premiere of Camille Erlanger's "Aphrodite".She made her American debut in the Manhattan Opera House on 25 November 1907 in the title role in "Thais, and in Massenet's 'Le jonglur de Notre Dame" (1908) and in the United States premiere of Pelléas et Mélisande. In 1908 she returned to Paris to join the roster at the Opera National Paris. She sang there for one season, notably portraying Ophelia in Thomas's "Hamlet" (1908) and the title part in Henry Fevrier's "Monna Vanna" (1909) among other roles. She also sang the role of Marguerite in Gounod's "Faust" (1909) in Brussells. Returned to New York in 1909 to perform the title role in Richard Strauss's "Salome" ,At Chicargo Grand Opera where she sang from 1910 to 1913 in such roles as Mélisande, Fanny in Massenet's "Sapho", Dulcinée in Massenet's "Don Quichotte", the Prince in Massenet's "Cendrillon", the title role inBixet's "Carmen", title role in Puccini's "Tosca". During this time she also sang in other American cities, notably appearing in the world premiere of Vicotr Herbert's 'Natoma" in Philadelphia on 25 February 1911 Garden retired from the opera stage in 1934, after making her last appearance as Katyusha in Franco Alfano's Risurrezione at the Opéra-Comique

as Chrysis in "Aphrodite" by Erlanger CREATOR Opera Comique Paris 27/3/1906 Mary Garden (20 February 1874 – 3 January 1967) Scottish-American Soprano Studied with Sarah Robinson-Duff in Chicago In 1896 further studies in Paris, Trabadelo ,Lucien Fugere ,Jacques Bouhy ,Jules Chevalier, Mathilde Marchesi and Sybil Sanderson .Garden made her professional opera debut with the company on 10 April 1900 in the title role of Louise in "Louise" by Charpentier.In 1901 she starred in two world premieres, Marie in "La Marseillaise" by Lambert and Diane in "La file de Tabarin" by Pierne. That same year she sang the title role in Massenet's " Thais" at Aix-les-Bains, and sang both the title roles in Massenet's "Manon" and Messager's "Madam Chrysantheme" at the Opera de Monte Carlo of Sanderson. In 1902, Claude Debussy selected her to play the female lead at the Opéra-Comique debut of his "Pelleas et Melisande". She also created a sensation as "Salome" in the French version of Richard Strauss's opera of that name. At Covent Garden she sang Manon, Juliette in Gounod's 'Romeo et Juliette", and Marguerite in Gounod's "Faust" during the 1902 and 1903 seasons.. Her performances at the Opéra-Comique during this time included the title role in Massenet's "Griselidis" (1902), Violetta in Verdi's "La Traviatta" (1903), the title role in the world premiere of Xavier Leroux's "La reine Flamette" (1903), and the title role in Saint Seans's "Helene" (1905). In 1905 she sang at the Opera de Monte Carlo in the world premiere of Massenet's "Cherubin" a role which the composer wrote specifically for her. The following year she returned to the Opéra-Comique to sing Chrysis in the world premiere of Camille Erlanger's "Aphrodite".She made her American debut in the Manhattan Opera House on 25 November 1907 in the title role in "Thais, and in Massenet's 'Le jonglur de Notre Dame" (1908) and in the United States premiere of Pelléas et Mélisande. In 1908 she returned to Paris to join the roster at the Opera National Paris. She sang there for one season, notably portraying Ophelia in Thomas's "Hamlet" (1908) and the title part in Henry Fevrier's "Monna Vanna" (1909) among other roles. She also sang the role of Marguerite in Gounod's "Faust" (1909) in Brussells. Returned to New York in 1909 to perform the title role in Richard Strauss's "Salome" ,At Chicargo Grand Opera where she sang from 1910 to 1913 in such roles as Mélisande, Fanny in Massenet's "Sapho", Dulcinée in Massenet's "Don Quichotte", the Prince in Massenet's "Cendrillon", the title role inBixet's "Carmen", title role in Puccini's "Tosca". During this time she also sang in other American cities, notably appearing in the world premiere of Vicotr Herbert's 'Natoma" in Philadelphia on 25 February 1911 Garden retired from the opera stage in 1934, after making her last appearance as Katyusha in Franco Alfano's Risurrezione at the Opéra-Comique

as Chrysis in "Aphrodite" by Erlanger CREATOR Opera Comique Paris 27/3/1906 Mary Garden (20 February 1874 – 3 January 1967) Scottish-American Soprano Studied with Sarah Robinson-Duff in Chicago In 1896 further studies in Paris, Trabadelo ,Lucien Fugere ,Jacques Bouhy ,Jules Chevalier, Mathilde Marchesi and Sybil Sanderson .Garden made her professional opera debut with the company on 10 April 1900 in the title role of Louise in "Louise" by Charpentier.In 1901 she starred in two world premieres, Marie in "La Marseillaise" by Lambert and Diane in "La file de Tabarin" by Pierne. That same year she sang the title role in Massenet's " Thais" at Aix-les-Bains, and sang both the title roles in Massenet's "Manon" and Messager's "Madam Chrysantheme" at the Opera de Monte Carlo of Sanderson. In 1902, Claude Debussy selected her to play the female lead at the Opéra-Comique debut of his "Pelleas et Melisande". She also created a sensation as "Salome" in the French version of Richard Strauss's opera of that name. At Covent Garden she sang Manon, Juliette in Gounod's 'Romeo et Juliette", and Marguerite in Gounod's "Faust" during the 1902 and 1903 seasons.. Her performances at the Opéra-Comique during this time included the title role in Massenet's "Griselidis" (1902), Violetta in Verdi's "La Traviatta" (1903), the title role in the world premiere of Xavier Leroux's "La reine Flamette" (1903), and the title role in Saint Seans's "Helene" (1905). In 1905 she sang at the Opera de Monte Carlo in the world premiere of Massenet's "Cherubin" a role which the composer wrote specifically for her. The following year she returned to the Opéra-Comique to sing Chrysis in the world premiere of Camille Erlanger's "Aphrodite".She made her American debut in the Manhattan Opera House on 25 November 1907 in the title role in "Thais, and in Massenet's 'Le jonglur de Notre Dame" (1908) and in the United States premiere of Pelléas et Mélisande. In 1908 she returned to Paris to join the roster at the Opera National Paris. She sang there for one season, notably portraying Ophelia in Thomas's "Hamlet" (1908) and the title part in Henry Fevrier's "Monna Vanna" (1909) among other roles. She also sang the role of Marguerite in Gounod's "Faust" (1909) in Brussells. Returned to New York in 1909 to perform the title role in Richard Strauss's "Salome" ,At Chicargo Grand Opera where she sang from 1910 to 1913 in such roles as Mélisande, Fanny in Massenet's "Sapho", Dulcinée in Massenet's "Don Quichotte", the Prince in Massenet's "Cendrillon", the title role inBixet's "Carmen", title role in Puccini's "Tosca". During this time she also sang in other American cities, notably appearing in the world premiere of Vicotr Herbert's 'Natoma" in Philadelphia on 25 February 1911 Garden retired from the opera stage in 1934, after making her last appearance as Katyusha in Franco Alfano's Risurrezione at the Opéra-Comique

Mary Garden (20 February 1874 – 3 January 1967) Scottish-American Soprano Studied with Sarah Robinson-Duff in Chicago In 1896 further studies in Paris, Trabadelo ,Lucien Fugere ,Jacques Bouhy ,Jules Chevalier, Mathilde Marchesi and Sybil Sanderson .Garden made her professional opera debut with the company on 10 April 1900 in the title role of Louise in "Louise" by Charpentier.In 1901 she starred in two world premieres, Marie in "La Marseillaise" by Lambert and Diane in "La file de Tabarin" by Pierne. That same year she sang the title role in Massenet's " Thais" at Aix-les-Bains, and sang both the title roles in Massenet's "Manon" and Messager's "Madam Chrysantheme" at the Opera de Monte Carlo of Sanderson. In 1902, Claude Debussy selected her to play the female lead at the Opéra-Comique debut of his "Pelleas et Melisande". She also created a sensation as "Salome" in the French version of Richard Strauss's opera of that name. At Covent Garden she sang Manon, Juliette in Gounod's 'Romeo et Juliette", and Marguerite in Gounod's "Faust" during the 1902 and 1903 seasons.. Her performances at the Opéra-Comique during this time included the title role in Massenet's "Griselidis" (1902), Violetta in Verdi's "La Traviatta" (1903), the title role in the world premiere of Xavier Leroux's "La reine Flamette" (1903), and the title role in Saint Seans's "Helene" (1905). In 1905 she sang at the Opera de Monte Carlo in the world premiere of Massenet's "Cherubin" a role which the composer wrote specifically for her. The following year she returned to the Opéra-Comique to sing Chrysis in the world premiere of Camille Erlanger's "Aphrodite".She made her American debut in the Manhattan Opera House on 25 November 1907 in the title role in "Thais, and in Massenet's 'Le jonglur de Notre Dame" (1908) and in the United States premiere of Pelléas et Mélisande. In 1908 she returned to Paris to join the roster at the Opera National Paris. She sang there for one season, notably portraying Ophelia in Thomas's "Hamlet" (1908) and the title part in Henry Fevrier's "Monna Vanna" (1909) among other roles. She also sang the role of Marguerite in Gounod's "Faust" (1909) in Brussells. Returned to New York in 1909 to perform the title role in Richard Strauss's "Salome" ,At Chicargo Grand Opera where she sang from 1910 to 1913 in such roles as Mélisande, Fanny in Massenet's "Sapho", Dulcinée in Massenet's "Don Quichotte", the Prince in Massenet's "Cendrillon", the title role inBixet's "Carmen", title role in Puccini's "Tosca". During this time she also sang in other American cities, notably appearing in the world premiere of Vicotr Herbert's 'Natoma" in Philadelphia on 25 February 1911 Garden retired from the opera stage in 1934, after making her last appearance as Katyusha in Franco Alfano's Risurrezione at the Opéra-Comique

Mary Garden (20 February 1874 – 3 January 1967) Scottish-American Soprano Studied with Sarah Robinson-Duff in Chicago In 1896 further studies in Paris, Trabadelo ,Lucien Fugere ,Jacques Bouhy ,Jules Chevalier, Mathilde Marchesi and Sybil Sanderson .Garden made her professional opera debut with the company on 10 April 1900 in the title role of Louise in "Louise" by Charpentier.In 1901 she starred in two world premieres, Marie in "La Marseillaise" by Lambert and Diane in "La file de Tabarin" by Pierne. That same year she sang the title role in Massenet's " Thais" at Aix-les-Bains, and sang both the title roles in Massenet's "Manon" and Messager's "Madam Chrysantheme" at the Opera de Monte Carlo of Sanderson. In 1902, Claude Debussy selected her to play the female lead at the Opéra-Comique debut of his "Pelleas et Melisande". She also created a sensation as "Salome" in the French version of Richard Strauss's opera of that name. At Covent Garden she sang Manon, Juliette in Gounod's 'Romeo et Juliette", and Marguerite in Gounod's "Faust" during the 1902 and 1903 seasons.. Her performances at the Opéra-Comique during this time included the title role in Massenet's "Griselidis" (1902), Violetta in Verdi's "La Traviatta" (1903), the title role in the world premiere of Xavier Leroux's "La reine Flamette" (1903), and the title role in Saint Seans's "Helene" (1905). In 1905 she sang at the Opera de Monte Carlo in the world premiere of Massenet's "Cherubin" a role which the composer wrote specifically for her. The following year she returned to the Opéra-Comique to sing Chrysis in the world premiere of Camille Erlanger's "Aphrodite".She made her American debut in the Manhattan Opera House on 25 November 1907 in the title role in "Thais, and in Massenet's 'Le jonglur de Notre Dame" (1908) and in the United States premiere of Pelléas et Mélisande. In 1908 she returned to Paris to join the roster at the Opera National Paris. She sang there for one season, notably portraying Ophelia in Thomas's "Hamlet" (1908) and the title part in Henry Fevrier's "Monna Vanna" (1909) among other roles. She also sang the role of Marguerite in Gounod's "Faust" (1909) in Brussells. Returned to New York in 1909 to perform the title role in Richard Strauss's "Salome" ,At Chicargo Grand Opera where she sang from 1910 to 1913 in such roles as Mélisande, Fanny in Massenet's "Sapho", Dulcinée in Massenet's "Don Quichotte", the Prince in Massenet's "Cendrillon", the title role inBixet's "Carmen", title role in Puccini's "Tosca". During this time she also sang in other American cities, notably appearing in the world premiere of Vicotr Herbert's 'Natoma" in Philadelphia on 25 February 1911 Garden retired from the opera stage in 1934, after making her last appearance as Katyusha in Franco Alfano's Risurrezione at the Opéra-Comique

Emmy Destinn (Emílie Pavlína Věnceslava Kittlová) 1878-1930 Czech Soprano ENRICO CARUSO ( February 25, 1873 – August 2, 1921) Italian Tenor

Titta Ruffo (Ruffo Titta Cafiero) 1877-1953 Italian Baritone ENRICO CARUSO ( February 25, 1873 – August 2, 1921) Italian Tenor FEODOR IVANOVICH CHALIAPIN (February 13 ,1873 – April 12, 1938) Russian Bass

as Rhadames in "Aida" by Verdi ENRICO CARUSO ( February 25, 1873 – August 2, 1921) Italian Tenor Stage debut March 15, 1895 at the Teatro Nuovo in Naples. L'Amico Francesco, by the amateur composer Domenico Morelli. He received instruction from the conductor and voice teacher Vincenzo Lombardi .Caruso's 25-year career, stretching from 1895 to 1920, included 863 appearances at the New York Metropolitan Opera sang at such venues as La Scala in Milan, the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, in London, the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg, and the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires, he was also the leading tenor of the Metropolitan Opera in New York City for 18 consecutive seasons. It was at the Met, in 1910, that he created the role of Dick Johnson in Giacomo Puccini's La fanciulla del West. Caruso's voice extended up to high C in its prime and grew in power and weight as he grew older. He sang a broad spectrum of roles, ranging from lyric, to spinto, to dramatic parts, in the Italian and French repertoires. In the German repertoire, Caruso sang only two roles, Assad (in Karl Goldmark's The Queen of Sheba) and Richard Wagner's Lohengrin, both of which he performed in Italian in Buenos Aires in 1899 and 1901, respectively

as The Duke "Rigoletto" by Verdi ENRICO CARUSO ( February 25, 1873 – August 2, 1921) Italian Tenor Stage debut March 15, 1895 at the Teatro Nuovo in Naples. L'Amico Francesco, by the amateur composer Domenico Morelli. He received instruction from the conductor and voice teacher Vincenzo Lombardi .Caruso's 25-year career, stretching from 1895 to 1920, included 863 appearances at the New York Metropolitan Opera sang at such venues as La Scala in Milan, the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, in London, the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg, and the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires, he was also the leading tenor of the Metropolitan Opera in New York City for 18 consecutive seasons. It was at the Met, in 1910, that he created the role of Dick Johnson in Giacomo Puccini's La fanciulla del West. Caruso's voice extended up to high C in its prime and grew in power and weight as he grew older. He sang a broad spectrum of roles, ranging from lyric, to spinto, to dramatic parts, in the Italian and French repertoires. In the German repertoire, Caruso sang only two roles, Assad (in Karl Goldmark's The Queen of Sheba) and Richard Wagner's Lohengrin, both of which he performed in Italian in Buenos Aires in 1899 and 1901, respectively

as The Duke "Rigoletto" by Verdi ENRICO CARUSO ( February 25, 1873 – August 2, 1921) Italian Tenor Stage debut March 15, 1895 at the Teatro Nuovo in Naples. L'Amico Francesco, by the amateur composer Domenico Morelli. He received instruction from the conductor and voice teacher Vincenzo Lombardi .Caruso's 25-year career, stretching from 1895 to 1920, included 863 appearances at the New York Metropolitan Opera sang at such venues as La Scala in Milan, the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, in London, the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg, and the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires, he was also the leading tenor of the Metropolitan Opera in New York City for 18 consecutive seasons. It was at the Met, in 1910, that he created the role of Dick Johnson in Giacomo Puccini's La fanciulla del West. Caruso's voice extended up to high C in its prime and grew in power and weight as he grew older. He sang a broad spectrum of roles, ranging from lyric, to spinto, to dramatic parts, in the Italian and French repertoires. In the German repertoire, Caruso sang only two roles, Assad (in Karl Goldmark's The Queen of Sheba) and Richard Wagner's Lohengrin, both of which he performed in Italian in Buenos Aires in 1899 and 1901, respectively

as Dick Johnson in "la Fanciulla del West" by Puccini CREATOR New York Met 10/12/1910 ENRICO CARUSO ( February 25, 1873 – August 2, 1921) Italian Tenor Stage debut March 15, 1895 at the Teatro Nuovo in Naples. L'Amico Francesco, by the amateur composer Domenico Morelli. He received instruction from the conductor and voice teacher Vincenzo Lombardi .Caruso's 25-year career, stretching from 1895 to 1920, included 863 appearances at the New York Metropolitan Opera sang at such venues as La Scala in Milan, the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, in London, the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg, and the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires, he was also the leading tenor of the Metropolitan Opera in New York City for 18 consecutive seasons. It was at the Met, in 1910, that he created the role of Dick Johnson in Giacomo Puccini's La fanciulla del West. Caruso's voice extended up to high C in its prime and grew in power and weight as he grew older. He sang a broad spectrum of roles, ranging from lyric, to spinto, to dramatic parts, in the Italian and French repertoires. In the German repertoire, Caruso sang only two roles, Assad (in Karl Goldmark's The Queen of Sheba) and Richard Wagner's Lohengrin, both of which he performed in Italian in Buenos Aires in 1899 and 1901, respectively