Coimbra

The town, which was called Aeminium in Roman times, was under the protection of Conímbriga, which was located around 15 kilometers to the south. Administratively, Aeminium was under the influence of the larger city of Conímbriga until it was plundered around 465 by the Suebi and Visigoths and later abandoned. Aeminium took over the bishop's see and the name.

The city was conquered by the Moors in 711. The Moors lost Coimbra again in 878. The Muslim population settling in Coimbra was expelled. In 987, the city was destroyed during the renewed Moorish conquest by the general Almansor. Coimbra was not reconquered until 1064 by King Fernando de Castilla y León. The Moors conquered the city for the last time in 1117, but evacuated it for good after a few days.

Coimbra was the second capital of Portugal when the independent Kingdom of Portugal was founded in 1139. It retained this status until 1256. After Lisbon became the capital, the city's position in the country declined, but it remains important to this day, particularly as a university city, as the university founded by King Dom Dinis in 1290 is the oldest university in Portugal and one of the oldest in Europe.