Vilnius - Šv. Kazimiero bažnyčia

Vilnius is the capital and largest city of Lithuania, with a population of about 600.000. Before WWII, Vilnius was one of the largest Jewish centers in Europe which led to the nickname "the Jerusalem of the North".

The city was first mentioned in written sources as Vilna in 1323 as the capital city of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, built a wooden castle on a hill in the city. The city became more widely known after he wrote a circular letter of invitation to Germans and Jews to the principal Hansa towns in 1325, offering free access into his domains to men of every order and profession. At this time Vilnius was facing raids of the Teutonic Order, although they never captured the castle, large portions of the town were burned down between 1365 and 1383. English king Henry IV spent the full year of 1390 supporting the unsuccessful siege of Vilnius by Teutonic Knights with his 300 fellow knights.

Between 1503 and 1522, the city was surrounded by a city wall to protect it from Crimean Tatar attacks. The city reached the peak of its development during the reign of Sigismund II. Augustus, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, settled here in 1544. After the foundation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1569, the city experienced a further boom, as Stephen Báthory, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, founded the Jesuit College of Vilnius (= Vilnius University) in 1579. The university soon developed into one of the most important scientific and cultural centers in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

The Church of St. Casimir was built 1604 - 1618 by the Jesuits. It was dedicated to Saint Casimir who was a son of King Casimir IV Jagiellon, and so a prince of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

This church is one of the earliest Baroque buildings in the city. Its facade was designed along the line of the Il Gesù church in Rome.

In the middle of the 18th century, the church was reconstructed and a stepped lantern cupola with a crown was erected. Under Russia's occupation, the church was converted into a Russian Orthodox church. In 1915 Vilnius was occupied by the Germans the church was converted into the Evangelical Lutheran temple and In 1919 the church was returned to the Catholics. It was damaged during WWII, closed down, and in 1963 converted into a Museum of Atheism. The church was returned to the Jesuits and reconsecrated in 1991.