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Most followers of the world’s religions believe that world of material objects does not comprise the whole reality. Casper David Friedrich’s brooding painting, Two Men by the Sea looking at the Moon rising (c. 1817) suggests another level of reality outside the confines of space and time. Kant called this world the ‘transcendental’ world -- that is, one that cannot be registered in experience.

The Nature of a particular piece of apparatus sets limits to what it can do. A photograph is a representation of a scene in a particular form -- not the scene itself. Kant says that these considerations also apply to human experience.

Kant believed that anything that cannot be apprehended by our bodily apparatus can never be experience for us. The woman depicted in John Evereit Millas ‘The Blind Girl” (1856) can enjoy the sound or music from her concertina, the touch of her daughter’ hand and the smell of her hair, but can never “experience” the rainbow in the sky behind her

One of the basic characters of human liberties, this Declaration, writtten in 1789, stated that “all men are born free and equal in rights.” Based on the theories of Rousseau and the American Declaration of Independence, it aimed to embody the freedom denied to the French under the pre-Revolutionary absolute monarchy en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen

The century preceding the Revolution in 1789 constituted the ancient regime. Society was centered in Paris and, in contrast to the corruption that was rife at the court of Louis XV, the economy thrived, arts flourished, and its intellectuals were known throughout Europe.

On the morning of July 14, 1789 the Paris mob seized the Bastille in order to obtain arms. They released seven prisoners: four counterfeiters, two madmen, and young aristocrat. The dramatic action came to symbolize the end of the ancient regime.

www.geriwalton.com/stories-about-the-french-revolution-by-those-who-lived-it

Hume argued that when we introspect, wiat we find ourselves contemplating are experiences, such as thoughts and emotions -- we never find ourselves confronting an experiencing self having these experiences. Therefore, Hume believed, we cannot assert that the experiencing self exists

Hume believed that our behavior is determined by our emotions -- our desires and passions. Reason, the slave of the passions, only comes into play in order to secure those desires. In his painting the Bolt (C 1777), the French Baroque artist Jean-Honore Fregonard powerfully expressed one of the overriding human passions -- that of desire.

Located in New Haven, Connecticut, and founded in 1701, Yale is the third oldest university in the United States and has educated some of the most influential people in American history. Berkeley bequeathed his library to Yale, which today has one of the largest libraries in United States

Locke believed that our knowledge of the external world comes to us through our senses, through which we acquire the idea of objects outside ourselves. The child in Bartolome Esteban Murillo’s ‘The Holy Family’ (1650) exchanges glances with an object that he will eventually, by a process of discrimination, learn to recognize as a dog.

Locke claimed that those qualities arising out of the interaction between an object and an observing subject are subjective (i.e., “secondary”) properties and do not exist unperceived. One such example in color, a subjective element that can differ from observer to observer, as illustrated in David Ryckaert’s ‘The Artist’s Workshop’ (1638

The French philosopher and man of letters Denis Diderot was one of the most prolific and versatile writers of the 18th century. He was the chief editor of the famous Encyclopedia, and also wrote novels, dramas, satires, philosophy, literary criticism, and brilliant letters The most glorious moment for a work of this sort would be that which might come immediately in the wake of some catastrophe so great as to suspend the progress of science, interrupt the labors of craftsmen, and plunge a portion of our hemisphere into darkness once again. ~ Dennis Diderot “Encyclopedie (1751-1772) plato.stanford.edu/entries/diderot en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_Diderot

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Locke Locke’s chief contributions included a clear formulation of the social and political principles that emerged from the turbulence of the 17th Century Britain, and an account of human knowledge

The Romantic name of this instrument, made in 1774, refers to the seven sympathetic strings that vibrate in sympathy with the seven melody strings

plato.stanford.edu/entries/leibniz Leibniz’s book Theodicy is dedicated to Queen Charlotte of Prussia. With the Queen’s support the German Academy of Sciences in Berlin was founded in July 1700