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Posted: 27 Jan 2022

Taken: 26 Jan 2022

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Progress through conflict: the Storming of the Bastille. Hegel was 19 when the French Revolution occurred -- it made an impression


Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, (born August 27, 1770, Stuttgart, Württemberg [Germany]—died November 14, 1831, Berlin), German philosopher who developed a dialectical scheme that emphasized the progress of history and of ideas from thesis to antithesis and thence to a synthesis.
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 Dinesh
Dinesh club
. . . . Nearly all the philosophy we have looked at so far begins from what are relatively ordinary, everyday considerations. (Socrates: what will happen to my children if I do want my friends are suggesting? Hume: you can’t always believe what other people tell you. Descartes: when there’s so much disagreement between the authorities, what can we do but go back to the basics and start again?) Hegel’s thought in the Philosophy of History, in contrast, arises out of a grand vision of reality and the forces that move it -- this is heavy-duty metaphysics. ~ Page 81

. . . . Everything that exists or happens reflects the idea, and that of course includes history, which exhibits the idea’s ‘development’, but now in a literal sense. The idea, as you will find if you ever read Hegel’s Logic (but be warned, it is desperately hard work_, always develops through the conflict of opposed concepts followed by their resolution, which itself turns out to harbour another opposition, upon which further resolution follows, and so on until the entire system is complete. So it is, therefore, in the political sphere. Conflict issues in a new order, but before too long the new order itself is showing strains; the seeds of the next conflict were already present in it, and once they mature it is swept away in its turn. You may find the metaphysics with which Hegel underpins all this extravagant, wild, and wooly, but which he applies it to human history the result certainly isn’t stupid. It is this idea of progress arising out of conflict which is known as ‘dialect’, it pervades the thought of Hegel, but equally that of Marx, which is way Marx’s philosophy is often called ‘dialectical materialism’ ~ Page 86 ~ "Philosophy" Author Edward craig
3 years ago.
 Dinesh
Dinesh club
On July 12, 1789, in Paris far away from Konigsberg, developments that had long been in the making and that had formed the subject of many conversation among Kant and his friends, finally came to a head. France was bankrupt as a result of the seven Year War, intervention in the American Revolution, and wasteful spending. Jacques Necker was appointed minister finance and secretary general. But the financial crisis did not significantly improve. People were starving. As a last resort, Louis XVI called the Estate-General, in the hope it would pass the badly needed fiscal reforms. It convened at Varsailles in May of 1789. From the beginning, the deputies of the Third Estate, supported by many members of the lower clergy and by a few nobles, were pushing for thoroughgoing political and social reforms. Resisting the king, they proclaimed themselves the National Assembly on June 17. . . . On August 4, 1789 the Assembly abolished all feudal privileges. In a swift current events, the old order has vanished most quickly than anyone had thought possible. The spirit of the new order was expressed in a preamble to a constitution still be to written. . . .. Page 341 Excerpt " Kant : A Biography" Author: Manfred Kuehn
3 years ago.

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