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The Earliest 'Alphabetic' Inscriptions
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Bucchro Jug


Etruscan ‘bucchero’ jug, 6th century BC, Inscribed with the Etruscan alphabet. The Etruscans borrowed the alphabets from the Greeks, altered it, and transmitted it to the Romans. Today most nations use an alphabet
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From its unclear origins on the eastern shores of the Mediterranean, writing employing the alphabetic principle spread -- to the West (via Greek) to modern Europe, to the East (via Armaic, in all probability) toi modern India. Today, as a consequence of the colonial empires, most of the world’s proples except the Chinese and Japanese write in an alphabetic script. Most alpahbets use between 20 and 30 basic symbols; the smallest, Rotokas, used in the Solomon Islands, has 11 letters, the largest, Khmer, used in Kampuchea, has 74 letters.
The alphabetic link between the Greeks and the Romans was, as we have seen, the Etruscans. They inscribed many objects with the alphabet, such as the ‘buchhero’ jug opposite, which dates from the 6th century BC. And in Mesopotamia, by the 5th century BC, many cuneiform documents carried a notation of their substance in the Aramaic alphabet, inked onto the tablet with a brush. From the time of Alexander the Great, cuneiform was increasingly superseded by Aramaic, it eventually disappeared around the beginning of the Christian era. In Egypt, fairly soon after that, the Coptic alphabet supplanted Egyptian hieroglyphs. ~ page 169
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