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How the Language Works


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All writing involves a planning stage, during which we organize our thoughts and prepare any outline of what we want to say. Even the shortest of the message requires a moment or two of planning. At the very least, we need to work out of what our readers need to know, in order for our message to be understood. We also need to anticipate the effect of our words could have.
Much more is involved when we write more complex messages. In particular, we have to supplement the notion of ‘writing’ with that of ‘rewriting’. Any model of what happens when we write must take into account the act of revision – from the first stages of making notes, jottings, and headings, through various drafts, to the final version. All writers introduce errors and make self-corrections while composing.
Writers also pause a great deal – stopping the movement of their pen or of their fingers while they type. During these pauses, other kinds of body activity take place. The eyes may scan the text or look away. The hands may stay close to the page or keyboard (suggesting that the writer expects to resolve the problem quickly) or move away (suggesting that amore serious process of reflection is taking place.) Pauses reflect the occurrence of mental planning and provide clues to the difficulty of the writing task.
A model of written composition must also allow for the fact that what people see when they write may affect the way they think. Authors’ comments are illuminating: ‘It doesn’t look right now I’ve written it down’, ‘ That’s not what I’m trying to say.’ Full meaning does not always exist in Edwards Albee’s: “I write to find out what I am thinking about’. Such remarks emphasize the main lesson to be learned from the study of the process of writing: it is not a merely mechanical task, a simple matter of putting speech down on paper. It is an exploration in the use of the graphic potential of a language – a creative process, an act of discovery. ~ Page 128
The biology of speech is complex enough, but there is much more to it than simply the capability, as we have seen. Complex communication is essential to what we call behavioral modernity, that is, how we are today, compared to how we were when we were not like how we are today. . . . .
We are biologically programmed for speech. We have the neurological, genetic and anatomical template that greenlights the possibility of language. We have a latent ability to acquire language, by copying the sounds of the people around us. Some birds have that too: they learn their love songs from each other. Each bird species has a few songs, enough that a well trained ear can identify a species by its sound, though many have regional dialects. In contrast, humans currently speak over 7,000 distinct languages, ll of which are continually evolving, most of which are heading for extinction, and you probably know tens of thousands of words and can deploy them at will. We also learn syntax and grammar from those around us, our brains a software platform specific to language acquisition ~ Paged 165 (From 'Humaanimal' Author: Adam Rutherford
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