Götz Kluge's photos with the keyword: Charles Darwin

To me, the Bellman 's arm (upper left corner in the right image) always looked strangely rounded. But obviously there are arms like that. It took me a long time (until today) to get the idea that also these two images could be related although I know Duchenne's photo (shown here in mirror view) since a couple of years. www.evolutionnews.org/2012/05/creepy_ghoulish059671.html "Creepy," "ghoulish," "not the best science" -- these are a few indisputable descriptions applied (by Wired magazine ) to an experiment Charles Darwin conducted in 1868. He was getting ready to write his book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals and set out to sample reactions from all of 24 human subjects as they responded to and characterized a series of creepy, ghoulish photographs by French physiologist Benjamin Duchenne. Charles Darwin didn't conduct these weird experiments. Duchenne did. On the right side you see a detail from Henry Holiday's illustration to the chapter The Banker's Fate in Lewis Carroll's The Hunting of the Snark (1876). The only known letter exchange between C. L. Dodgson (aka Lewis Carroll) and Charles Darwin was about photos of facial expressions, which Dodgson offered to Darwin (who kindly rejected the offer).

I posted this as a 4758 x 3102 image earlier, but this one is much bigger: 8000x5200. It is an enlargement of the vectorized version of the earlier image. This ship played an important role in the history of science . Its probably most well known passanger was Charles Darwin. However, the Bellman carrying the Banker from Lewis Carroll's and Henry Holiday's "Hunting of the Snark" sneaked into the image. The print is based on a drawing by Conrad Martens , etching published in: Francis Darwin, Life and Letters of Charles Darwin , p. 160, 1888. Conrad Martens' drawing has been engraved by Thomas Landseer and published in the year 1838 by H. Colburn in The Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of HMS Adventure and Beagle . Date: 1834-04-16 Location: Tierra del Fuego, Santa Cruz river, 50.1125°S and 68.3917°W maps.google.co.uk/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q=5... That is the position calculated by Captain Robert FitzRoy (who had no GPS). The error was small. The drawing shows that the site must have been a river bank (50.13°S, 68.39°W?) near the calculated position. See also: darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F10.2&vi... thebeagleproject.blogspot.com/2009/04/keel-overhauled-175... beagleproject.wordpress.com/2012/09/03/two-feet-from-sink... commons.wikimedia.org: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TheBeagleLaidAshore.png

Alfred Parsons' depiction of Charles Darwin's study in Downe. The wood cutter was J. Tynan. I assume that Alfred Parsons quoted shapes from Henry Holiday's illustration (cut by Joseph Swain) to The Bakers Tale in Lewis Carroll's The Hunting of the Snark in a similar manner as Henry Holiday used shapes in the works of earlier artists perhaps in order to "point" to these works. The match of each single shape could be quite incidental, but the the spacial relation of most shapes to each other also matches well. That is less likely to be just incidental. (Alfred Parsons' depiction of Charles Darwin's new study is used here with permission by Dr. John van Wyhe, darwin-online.org.uk/. Henry Holiday's illustration has been scanned from a book published in 1911.) This is one of the images which I posted on Flickr a few years ago. It is an earlier version of the image below:

Vectorized engraving A Phosphorescent Sea HMS Beagle from What Mr. Darwin saw in his voyage round the world in the ship "Beagle" (New York, Harper, 1898, c1879)

Segments from [left, vertically stretched]: The top of the fireplace in Alfred Parsons' depiction (1882) of Charles Darwin's study in Downe [right]: an illustration (1876, printed 1911) by Henry Holiday to Lewis Carroll's The Hunting of the Snark Rescaleable formats for printing posters: PDF (7.7 MB) and SVGZ (8.3 MB). (The segment of Alfred Parsons' depiction of Charles Darwin's new study is used here with permission by Dr. John van Wyhe, darwin-online.org.uk/ . Henry Holiday's illustration has been scanned from a 1911 book.)

Reproduction of "Portrait of Charles Robert Darwin", original painting (1869) by Laura Russell (1816-1885), oil on canvas, on display at the Yale Center for British Arts for the exhibition "Endless Forms: Charles Darwin, Natural Science and the Visual Arts"

1876 and around 1870. If it was for this pairing only, I would not use this side-by-side image as an example for allusions to Charles Darwin (19th century portrait) in Lewis Carroll's and Henry Holiday's The Hunting of the Snark . Also, too obvious allusions to Darwin would have narrowed the interpretation space which Carroll wanted to leave to his readers. However, there is more . Darwin portrait found in What Mr Darwin Saw in His Voyage Round the World in the Ship ‘Beagle’ , 1879. »Extracts paraphrased by W.P. Garrison from Darwin’s Beagle diaries. Son of a US abolitionist, W.P. Garrison published this work anonymously. His stated aim was to 'interest children in the study of natural history, and physical and political geography'. Garrison selected extracts from Darwin's original diaries, reorganising material thematically into four parts: 'Animals', 'Man' (strange peoples and customs, particularly of savage and barbarous life), 'Geography' (physical features of the countries visited by Mr Darwin) and 'Nature' (account of the grandeur of terrestrial processes).« Source: University of Cambridge > Department of History and Philosophy of Science > Whipple Library > Rare book collections > Online exhibitions

--> www.academia.edu/9962213/Lace-Making_An_Infringement_of_Right Detail from an illustration by Henry Holiday (cut by Joseph Swain) to Lewis Carroll's The Hunting of the Snark , 1876. 273 · · The Boots and the Broker were sharpening a spade-- 274 · · · · Each working the grindstone in turn: 275 · · But the Beaver went on making lace, and displayed 276 · · · · No interest in the concern: 277 · · Though the Barrister tried to appeal to its pride, 278 · · · · And vainly proceeded to cite 279 · · A number of cases, in which making laces 280 · · · · Had been proved an infringement of right . 421 · · But the Barrister, weary of proving in vain 422 · · · · That the Beaver's lace-making was wrong, 423 · · Fell asleep, and in dreams saw the creature quite plain 424 · · · · That his fancy had dwelt on so long. (from Lewis Carroll's and Henry Holiday's The Hunting of the Snark , 1876) Why should a peaceful activity like lace-making have "proved an infringement of right"? How can lace-making be wrong? The Beaver's "lace-making" may have been used to symbolize dissection in context with C. L. Dodgson's (aka Lewis Carroll's) involvement in the vivisection debate . Links: o Charles Darwin: www.ipernity.com/doc/goetzkluge/album/370833 o Eva Amsen, Alice's Adventures in Animal Experimentation , 2007-09-19, easternblot.net/2007/09/19/alices_adventures_in_animal_experimentation o Lewis Carroll, Some Popular Fallacies About Vivisection , Fortnightly Review [London: 1865-1934] 23 (1875 Jun): 847-854; Online at Animal Rights History, 2003. www.animalrightshistory.org/animal-rights-c1837-1901/victorian-c/car-lewis-carroll/1875-06-vivisection.htm o On the usage of lace-needles with microscopes see pg. 391 in Darwin, C. R. 1849, On the use of the microscope on board ship , in Owen, R., Zoology. In Herschel, J. F. W. ed., A manual of scientific enquiry; prepared for the use of Her Majesty's Navy, and adapted for travellers in general. London: John Murray, pp. 389-395. "Circular discs of fine-textured cork, of the size of the saucers (with one or two circular springs of steel-wire to keep the cork at the bottom of the water), serve for fixing objects to be dissected by direct instead of transmitted light. For this end short fine pins and lace-needles should be procured; wherever it is possible, the animal ought to be fixed to the cork under water." darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=side&i... o Jed Mayer: The vivisection of the Snark , 2009-06-22: Victorian Poetry (Amazon etext in HTML) www.amazon.com/vivisection-Snark-fictional-animal-Report/... o Rod Preece: Darwinism, Christianity, and the Great Vivisection Debate , Journal of the History of Ideas - Volume 64, Number 3, July 2003, pp. 399-419 www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3654233 o Letters on vivisection from/to Charles Darwin: www.darwinproject.ac.uk/advanced-search?as-corresp=&as-person=&as-place=&ask-content=vivisection&asv-content=as-body&as-year-from=&as-year-to=&as-set=&as-physdesc=&as-volume=&as-repository=&as-calnum=&as-n=&intercept=adv&asp-page=0&as-type=letter&asdesc=#type=letters&secondKeyword=vivisection&sort=date&itemsPerPage=25&currentPage=1&filterOperand=AND o People related to vivisection and Charles Darwin: www.darwinproject.ac.uk/advanced-search?as-corresp=&as-person=&as-place=&ask-content=vivisection&asv-content=as-body&as-year-from=&as-year-to=&as-set=&as-physdesc=&as-volume=&as-repository=&as-calnum=&as-n=&intercept=adv&asp-page=0&as-type=letter&asdesc=#type=people&keyword=vivisection&sort=title&itemsPerPage=25&currentPage=1&filterOperand=AND

Segments from • [left, vertically stretched]: Photo (before 1882) of the top of the fireplace in Charles Darwin's study • [center, vertically stretched]: from Alfred Parsons' depiction (1882) of Charles Darwin's study in Down • [right]: an illustration (1876) by Henry Holiday to Lewis Carroll's The Hunting of the Snark This is not one of Henry Holiday's allusions. Here Alfred Parsons perhaps alluded to Holiday's illustration. Parsons did not simply copy a photo, he also rearranged the fire place decoration a bit.

Image based on a photo probably made by Messrs. Maull and Fox, around 1854, see also commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_Darwin_aged_51.jpg . On the Origins of Species was published in 1859. Darwin's findings still are not welcome everywhere .

[left]: HMS Beagle Among Porpoises (183X) by Robert Taylor Pritchett. [right]: A vessel in an illustration by Henry Holiday to Lewis Carroll's The Hunting of the Snark (1876). The shape of the vessels is pretty generic, but William Snow Harris' new lightning conductors were a special feature of the HMS Beagle.

"A sailing ship: the brig H. M. S. Beagle . It is commanded by the bigoted Captain Robert Fitz Roy. The year is 1831. On board, a brain explosion. With a delay of about two centuries of Physics, it is shattered by the the Galileo of Biology. The following stages: In 1838 the theory of natural selection was completed. In 1859 comes the Origin of Species. · · Fade-over. · · When it returns into the scene, it is still a ship. A sailing ship, of course. The Beagle took to the sea again? The year is 1874: Darwin is still alive, well and chatty." (Adriano Orefice) Images: [left]: Illustration "He had wholly forgotten his name" by Henry Holiday to Lewis Carroll's The Hunting of the Snark (1876) [right]: "Crossing the Line" (1839), redrawn (2013) based on a print by Thomas Landseer, after Augustus Earle. The print you will find in Robert Fitz-Roy's Narrative of the surveying voyages of HMS Adventure and Beagle , Vol II (1839). This comparison is related to my assumption that Lewis Carroll's and Henry Holiday's The Hunting of the Snark at least partially has been inspired by Charles Darwin's explorational Beagle voyage.

Segment of an illustration by Henry Holiday (cut by Joseph Swain) in Lewis Carroll's The Hunting of the Snark , 1876 The segment on the lower right side is Charles Darwin's Tree of Evolution or Tree of Life sketch in his 1st notebook, page 36, 1837-1838. I learned, that Darwin did not keep his notebook secret after the publication of On the Origin of Species , but I do not know of any presentation of his sketch before 1876. Thus, the resemblance between the "weed" and Darwin's evolutionary tree sketch propably is purely incidental. Postprocessing: GIMP perspective transformation tool Questions: (1) When did Charles Darwin publish a facsimile of his sketch fo the first time? When (e.g. in lectures etc.) was it presented for the first time? (2) Or is there a completely different explanation? Holiday's "weed" also could allude to an eagle riding a wild boar .

Assembled scans from original 19th century sources: • Illustration by H. Holiday to The Hunting of the Snark, 1876 • Inlay: Print based on a drawing (1834-04-16) by Conrad Martens , etching published in: Francis Darwin, Life and Letters of Charles Darwin , p. 160, 1888. Conrad Martens' drawing has been engraved by T. Landseer and published in the year 1838 by H. Colburn in The Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of HMS Adventure and Beagle .

Alfred Parsons' depiction of Charles Darwin's Study in Downe, drawn from a photo and engraved by J. Tynan, signed in August 1882, published in an article by Alfred R. Wallace in the Century Magazine ( The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine ), Volume 25, Nov. 1882 to April 1883. (Alfred Parsons' depiction of Charles Darwin's new study is used here with permission by Dr. John van Wyhe, darwin-online.org.uk/ ). The little zoo, which Parsons (and Tynan) hid in his illustration, is highlighted by coloring the animals. Even when depicting real objects, artist can "play" with that reality. But perhaps I also just fell victim to zoomorphism.

This is about a possible allusion by Alfred Parsons to Henry Holiday. [left]: The Study at Down (from the The Century illustrated monthly magazine , v.25 1882-1883, p. 420 , Indiana University Library) Illustration from a painting (1882, from a photo) by Alfred Parsons Engraver: J. Tynan (Scan from original 19th century source: Francis Darwin: The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin , Vol. 1, 1888, p. 101) [right]: illustration by Henry Holiday to Lewis Carroll's The Hunting of the Snark , 1876 The comparison of these two images started in June 2010. Alfred Parsons may have alluded to Henry Holiday's illustration. I am not so sure about that, but if Parson played Holiday's game with Holiday's illustration, then Parsons must have manipulated the reality of Darwin's study a bit.

Darwin did use tuning forks for experiments with spiders. 201 · · You may seek it with thimbles--and seek it with care; 202· · · · You may hunt it with forks and hope; 203· · You may threaten its life with a railway-share ; 204· · · · You may charm it with smiles and soap -- I think that The Hunting of the Snark alludes to many events in the Victorian era. Among those, Charles Darwins Beagle voyage, his discoveries and the resulting challenge to religious beliefs surely were important issues to the Reverend Dodgson (aka. Lewis Carroll) and his Snark illustrator, Henry Holiday. The image: Illustration by Henry Holiday to the chapter The Hunting in Lewis Carroll's The Hunting of the Snark (1876). Inset: Charles Darwin , photo probably by Messrs. Maull and Fox, around 1854, see also commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_Darwin_aged_51.jpg . Inset in inset: Charles Darwin's "I think" sketch of the evolutionary tree ( about July 1837 , 1st notebook 1837-1838, page 36) compared to a "weed" in the lower left corner of Holiday's illustration. I learned, that Darwin did not keep his notebook secret after the publication of On the Origin of Species , but I do not know of any presentation of his sketch before 1876. Thus, the resemblance between the "weed" and Darwin's evolutionary tree sketch may be purely incidental. Remarks: (1) I also left a copy here: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CharlesDarwinHuntingSnark.jpg , License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 (2) The person on the right side in Holiday's illustration is "The Banker". This figure has different faces in different illustrations. (3) Henry Holiday may have been inspired by Darwin's "tree of life" sketch when he did his illustrations to Lewis Carroll's The Hunting of the Snark . However, the problem with my guess is, that (as far as I know) the sketch still may not have been known to the public when Lewis Carroll and Henry Holiday worked on The Hunting of the Snark .

This ship played an important role in the history of science . Print based on a drawing by Conrad Martens , etching published in: Francis Darwin, Life and Letters of Charles Darwin , p. 160, 1888. Conrad Martens' drawing has been engraved by Thomas Landseer and published in the year 1838 by H. Colburn in The Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of HMS Adventure and Beagle . Date: 1834-04-16 Location: Tierra del Fuego, Santa Cruz river, 50.1125°S and 68.3917°W maps.google.co.uk/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q=5... That is the position calculated by Captain Robert FitzRoy (who had no GPS). The error was small. The drawing shows that the site must have been a river bank (50.13°S, 68.39°W?) near the calculated position. See also: darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F10.2&vi... thebeagleproject.blogspot.com/2009/04/keel-overhauled-175... beagleproject.wordpress.com/2012/09/03/two-feet-from-sink... Vector graphics (slightly snarked version): www.ipernity.com/doc/goetzkluge/19726411 commons.wikimedia.org: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TheBeagleLaidAshore.png