Dinesh's photos with the keyword: Niall Ferguson

In the course of 1957 Hilleman en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Hilleman joined Merck as head of its new Virus and Cell Biology Research department, in West Point, Pennsylvania. What followed was prodigious. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7150172 It was at Merck that Hilleman developed most of the forty experimental and licensed animal and human vaccines with which he is credited. On the fourteenth vaccine routinely recommended in current vaccine schedules, he developed eight: those for measles, mumps, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, chickenpox, meningitis, pneumonia, and Haemophilus influenzae bacteria. In 1963, his daughter Jeryl Lunn came down with the mumps. Hilleman cultivated viral material from her and used it as the basis of mumps vaccine. The Jeryl Lynn strain of the mumps vaccine is still used today. Hilleman and his team invented a vaccine for hepatitis B by treating blood serum with pepsin, urea, and formaldehyde. This was licensed in 1981 (though superseded in the United States in 1986 by a vaccine that was produced in yeast) and was still the preferred option in 150 countries as recently as 2003 ~ Page 225

www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1990/gorbachev/lecture

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Grapes_of_Wrath . . . Deep plowing and other methods used to prepare the land for cultivation eliminated those native prairie grasses that held the soil in place and retained the moisture during period of drought. When and condition caused crops to wither and die, topsoil lay exposed to the elements. The first “black duster” or “black blizzard” occurred on September 14, 1930. The worst came on April s14, 1935, when multiple storm in a single afternoon moved twice as much dirt and had been dug in seven years to create the Panama Canal. All this reduced the Great Plains farmers to a wretched poverty and forced many to migrate westward in a thankless quest for work (as depicted in John Steinbeck’s ‘Grapes of Wrath’). Yet there was no mass starvation. And those who expressed their opposite to government policy -- notably Hugh Hammond Bennet, the author of ‘Soil Erosion: A National Menace’ -- were not persecuted but promoted. The National Industrial Recovery Act, passed in June 1933, established the Soil Erosion Service in the Department of the Interior. Bennett was put in charge of it in September 1933. He also sat on the Great Plains Drought Area Committee, the interim report of which, on August 27, 1936, stated unequivocally, “Mistaken public Policies have been largely responsible for the situation.” . . . Page 186

Cholera comes to New York while Science sleeps. “Is This a time for Sleep?” By Charles Kendrick, 1883

. . . the president of Seismological Society of Japan told the ‘Asahi Shimbun: “There are many excuses we can make, but it amounted to a defeat for us. The only thing we can say is that it was beyond our expectation. “ But this could equally well be said of all large earthquakes. Only the location of earthquakes can be predicted -- not their size and not their timings. Yet map of the world, with the locations of the biggest earthquakes since 1500 plotted, reveals a puzzle. It is as if humanity took a collective decision to build as many as possible of its biggest cities on or close to fault lines. This illustrates the fatal interplay between the infrequency of disaster and the shortness of human memory.. . . Page 94

Over-crowed -- the efficiency of our genes...!

The First Continental Congress met here to oppose British Rule www.ushistory.org/tour/tour_carpen.htm en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpenters '_Hall

. Nothing did more to stimulate the appetite than the large-scale import of Indian cloth by the East India Company, beginning in the seventeenth century. (Import of Chinese porcelain had a similar effect on the demand for crockery.) Housewives wanted these things and adjusted their behaviour and budgets accordingly. Entrepreneurs sought to use new technology to imitate imported goods and then displace them. Cotton was indeed the king of the British economic miracle. The textile sector accounted for around a tenth of British national income and cotton manufacturing achieved much the most rapid increases in efficiency. The factories of Manchester and the workshops of Oldham became the focal point of the transformation. The striking thing is that a very large share of British cotton production was not for domestic consumption. In the mid-1780s cotton exports were only around 6 per cent of total British exports. By the mid-1830s, the proportion had risen to 48 per cent, the bulk of it to continental Europe. Historians used to argue about which came first in Britain, the technological wave or the consumer society. On the continent, there is no doubt, Europeans acquired a taste for cheap factory-made cloth well before they learned how to produce it themselves. ~ Page 201 (From "Civilization" by Nail Ferguson)