Phil's photos with the keyword: Historic

This 16th Century Tudor Manor House situated in the hamlet of Wycoller was the inspiration for "Ferndean Manor" in the novel "Jane Eyre" by Charlotte Bronte (it was used to illustrate the 1st edition). Charlotte and her family lived in the Parsonage at Haworth, just a few miles from here and she and her sister Emily are known to have visited Wycoller many times during their walks on the moors. Camera: Nikon D90 Lens: AF-S DX VR Zoom-Nikkor 16-85mm f/3.5-5.6G ED Processed with Nikon Capture NX2

This large building (only a small part of which is visible here) once provided employment for people all over Pendle district. It was owned by Smith & Nephew and later by BSN Medical Supplies in the past. It has been derelict for a number of years but has now been purchased by the local council for "Re-Development", possibly for conversion into flats / appartments which is what is being done with other industrial buildings in the area. Camera Nikon D300s + Samyang 8mm fisheye lens. Processed with Nikon Capture NX2.

The London Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) Coronation Class is a class of express passenger steam locomotives designed by William Stanier. They were an enlarged version of the LMS Princess Royal Class. They were the most powerful passenger steam locomotives ever to be built for the LMS network, estimated at 3300 horsepower and making them far more powerful than the diesel engines that replaced them. LMS Shop Grey was carried briefly in service on 6229 Duchess of Hamilton from 7 September 1938 until its return to Crewe Works later that year on 9 December to be painted crimson lake as No. 6220 in preparation for the 1939 visit to the New York World's Fair, USA. (Wikipedia).

No. 4468 Mallard is a London and North Eastern Railway Class A4 4-6-2 Pacific steam locomotive built at Doncaster, England in 1938. It is historically significant because it is the holder of the world speed record for steam locomotives (126mph / 202.6kph). The A4 class was designed by Sir Nigel Gresley to power high-speed streamlined trains. The wind-tunnel-tested aerodynamic body and high power allowed the class to reach speeds of over 100 miles per hour (160 km/h), although in everyday service it was relatively uncommon for any steam hauled service in the UK to reach even 90 mph, much less 100. Mallard covered almost one and a half million miles before it was retired in 1963. It was restored to working order in the 1980s but has not operated since, apart from hauling some specials between York and Scarborough in July 1986 and a couple of runs between York and Harrogate/Leeds around Easter 1987. Mallard is now part of the National Collection at the United Kingdom's National Railway Museum in York. On the weekend of 5 July 2008, Mallard was taken outside for the first time in years and displayed beside the three other A4s that are resident in the UK, thus reuniting them for the first time since preservation. It departed the museum for "Locomotion", the NRM's outbase at Shildon on the 23 June 2010, where it was a static exhibit until it was hauled back to York on 19 July 2011 and put back on display in its original location in the Great Hall. The locomotive is 70 ft (21 m) long and weighs 165 tons, including the tender. It is painted LNER garter blue with red wheels and steel rims. (Wikipedia).

BR standard class 9F number 92220 Evening Star is a preserved British steam locomotive completed in 1960. It was the last steam locomotive to be built by British Railways. It holds the distinction of being the only British main line steam locomotive earmarked for preservation from the date of construction. It was the 999th locomotive of the whole British Railways Standard range. Evening Star was built at Swindon railway works in 1960. Though the last to be built, it was not the last 9F numerically as Crewe had already completed engines with higher numbers. It was equipped with a BR1G-type tender and given BR Brunswick green livery, normally reserved for passenger locomotives and was completed with a copper-capped double chimney. All other members of the class of heavy freight locomotives were painted unlined black. (Wikipedia). Photographed at the National Railway Museum in York, England.

The now-ruinous keep of the medieval Norman castle is commonly referred to as Clifford's Tower. Built originally on the orders of William I to dominate the former Viking city of York, the castle suffered a tumultuous early history before developing into a major fortification with extensive water defences. After a major explosion in 1684 rendered the remaining military defences uninhabitable, York Castle continued to be used as a prison until 1929. (Wikipedia). www.ipernity.com/group/england www.ipernity.com/group/history</a

"Stan" is the nickname given to a fossil Tyrannosaurus Rex found in Hell Creek Formation, South Dakota, USA, in 1987 by Stan Sacrison. This cast of "Stan" measures nearly 12.2 metres long (approx. 40 feet) and is housed at the university museum in Manchester, North-West England. (There is a full-length / lower quality photo of Stan elsewhere in my "Manchester" album). Camera: Nikon D300s Lens: Nikkor 17-55mm f2.8 Processed with Nikon Capture NX2

The Roe 1 Triplane (A.K.A. the Avro Triplane) designed and built by A.V. Roe was the first all-British aircraft to fly. The engine was mounted below the leading edge of the wing with a belt-drive to the propeller drive-shaft. Both fuselage and wings were covered with brown paper backed by an open-weave fabric. Roe named the aircraft "The Bullseye" after the braces manufactured by his brother's company which had helped pay for it. Photographed at the Museum Of Science and Industry (M.O.S.I.) in Manchester, North-West England. Camera: Nikon D300s Lens: Nikkor 17-55mm f2.8 Processed with Nikon Capture NX2

The deeply-grooved narrow footpath across the ancient Packhorse Bridge in Wycoller, Lancashire, in the North-West of England. This bridge is believed to be approximately 800 years old.....see next photo (in photostream) for full details. Photographed with a Sony RX100 compact camera and processed with Nikon Capture NX2.

The ancient Packhorse Bridge in the hamlet of Wycoller in Lancashire, North-West England. This bridge is one of three ancient bridges in the village and is believed to date from the 13th century (according to the museum located nearby). The village itself, which is now part of a Country Park has existed for more than 1000 years. The footpath across the bridge is deeply grooved (see next photo) caused by approximately 800 years of use and both arches are leaning slightly sideways. Photographed with a Sony RX100 compact camera and processed with Nikon Capture NX2.

A memorial situated near the entrance to Pendle Heritage Centre in Barrowford, Lancashire, in the North-West of England. In 1612 the Pendle Forest area was the setting for Britain's most famous / infamous "Witch trials" when 12 people (2 men and 10 women) were accused of various crimes allegedly committed by the use of "Witchcraft". One of the accused, an elderly woman, died in jail before the trial and one person was found not-guilty. The remaining 10 were all found guilty and hanged. The so-called "evidence" was based almost entirely on the testimony of Jennet Device, a 9-year-old child who was the "One voice for ten" inscribed on the monument. Between the time the accused (including all of Jennet's family) were arrested and the time they were brought to trial, Jennet is believed to have been in the care of Roger Nowell who "coincidentally" happened to be the prosecuting magistrate in the case and who almost certainly "coached" her in the evidence she would give. MORE INFORMATION HERE: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendle_witches www.visitlancashire.com/inspire-me/pendle-witches Photographed with a Sony RX100 camera and processed with Nikon Capture NX2.

A monument / memorial to the coal-mining industry which was once widespread in this area. Photographed in Thompson Park, Burnley, in the North-West of England. The Lancashire Coalfield in North West England was one of the most important British coalfields. It's seams were formed from the vegetation of tropical swampy forests in the Carboniferous period over 300 million years ago. The Romans may have been the first to use coal in Lancashire and it's shallow seams and outcrops were exploited on a small scale from the Middle Ages and extensively after the start of the Industrial Revolution. The coalfield was at the forefront of innovation in coal mining prompting the country's first canals, the use of steam engines and creating conditions favourable for rapid industrialisation. The pits on the coalfield were at their most productive in 1907 when more than 26 million tons of coal were produced. By 1967 just 21 collieries remained. Parkside Colliery in Newton-le-Willows, the last deep mine to be sunk on the coalfield, was closed in 1993. (Wikipedia). Camera: Sony RX100 Processed with Nikon Capture NX2.

A Sterling Silver £5 coin from Gibraltar, photographed with a Sony RX100 camera and processed with Nikon Capture NX2. "England expects that every man will do his duty" was a signal sent by Admiral Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, from his flagship HMS Victory as the Battle of Trafalgar was about to commence on 21 October 1805. Trafalgar was the decisive naval engagement of the Napoleonic Wars. It gave the United Kingdom control of the seas, removing all possibility of an invasion and conquest of Britain. Although there was much confusion surrounding the wording of the signal in the aftermath of the battle, the significance of the victory and Nelson's death during the battle led to the phrase becoming embedded in the English psyche and it has been regularly quoted, paraphrased and referenced up to the modern day. As the British fleet closed with the opposing combined fleets of France and Spain, Lord Nelson signalled all the necessary battle instructions to his ships. However, aware of the momentousness of events to come, Lord Nelson felt that something extra was required. He instructed his signal officer, Lieutenant John Pasco, to signal to the fleet as quickly as possible the message "England confides [i.e. is confident] that every man will do his duty." Pasco suggested to Nelson that "expects" be substituted for "confides" since the former word was in the signal book whereas "confides" would have to be spelt out letter-by-letter. Nelson agreed to the change (even though 'expects' gave a less trusting impression than 'confides'): Thus, at around 11:45 am on 21 October 1805, the most famous naval signal in British history was sent. The exact time the signal was sent is not known (one account puts it as early as 10:30) as the message was repeated throughout the fleet and logs would have been written up after the battle but Pasco puts it at "about a quarter to noon" and logs from other ships of the line also put it close to this time (Wikipedia).

"Coppernob", a 0-4-0 steam locomotive built in 1846 for use on the Furness railway in North-West England. Photographed at the National Railway Museum in York, UK, a few years ago, this locomotive is currently on loan to the Verkehrsmuseum in Dresden, Germany. Camera: Nikon D90. Processed with Nikon Capture NX2. The Furness Railway was a railway company operating in the Furness area of Lancashire in North West England. The company was established on 23 May 1844 when the Furness Railway Act was passed by Parliament. The line, as originally laid, was intended principally for mineral traffic (slate and iron ore) and extended from Kirkby-in-Furness to Dalton-in-Furness; this was later extended to Rampside and a later line was built from Dalton to Barrow. That portion was opened in August 1846. Passenger traffic began in December 1846. Subsequent extensions took the railway to Ulverston in April 1854; the Whitehaven and Furness Junction Railway was taken over in 1865 thus extending the Furness Railway to Whitehaven, Carnforth (where the Furness linked with the London and North Western Railway and thence to Lancaster, Coniston and Lakeside). The line was linked to Lancaster on 27 August 1857 by the Ulverston and Lancaster Railway, which was bought out by the Furness Railway in 1862. (Wikipedia).

Barrowford is a large village and civil parish situated in the Pendle district of Lancashire, North-West England, situated to the North of Nelson and part of the Nelson conurbation. At the time of the 2001 census it had a population of 6,039. Barrowford is situated on the Marsden–Long Preston Turnpike (the town of Nelson was called Marsden before the battle of Trafalgar in 1805....... it was re-named in honour of the admiral). One of the original toll houses dating from 1804–05 can still be seen at the junction with the road to Colne, complete with a table of the tolls which were paid. The toll house was restored in the 1980s and is owned by the Trust which operates nearby Pendle Heritage Centre. For those viewers too young to remember pre-decimal British currency, the "s" in the list of prices stands for Shilling (5p in today's money) and the "d" stands for Pence or Penny (a penny was 1/12th of a shilling).

A 16th Century aisled barn. The barn, which is double-aisled with five bays underwent a series of alterations in the 18th and 19th centuries, including altering the western front of the building to achieve a symmetrical facade. Situated in the small village of Wycoller, East Lancashire, this building is now a visitor centre and craft museum. (See NOTE). More information here: www.greatbarns.org.uk/wycoller_barn.html Camera: Nikon D90. Processed with Nikon Capture NX2.

Constantine the Great (Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus; 274 – 337), also known as Constantine I or Saint Constantine, was Roman Emperor from 306 to 337. Constantine was the son of Flavius Valerius Constantius, a Roman army officer and his consort Helena. His father became Caesar, the deputy emperor in the west in 293. Constantine was sent East where he rose through the ranks to become a military tribune under the emperors Diocletian and Galerius. In 305, Constantius was raised to the rank of Augustus, senior western emperor, and recalled West to campaign under his father in Britannia. Acclaimed as emperor by the army after his father's death in 306, Constantine emerged victorious in a series of civil wars against the emperors Maxentius and Licinius to become sole ruler of both west and east by 324. The first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity, Constantine played an influential role in the proclamation of the Edict of Milan, which decreed religious tolerance throughout the empire. He called the First Council of Nicaea in 325, at which the Nicene Creed was professed by Christians. In military matters, the Roman army was reorganised to consist of mobile field units and garrison soldiers capable of countering internal threats and barbarian invasions. Constantine pursued successful campaigns against the tribes on the Roman frontiers—the Franks, the Alamanni, the Goths, and the Sarmatians—even resettling territories abandoned by his predecessors during the turmoil of the previous century. The age of Constantine marked a distinct epoch in the history of the Roman Empire. (Wikipedia).

Richard "Dick" Turpin (1705 – 1739) was an English highwayman whose exploits were romanticised following his execution in York for horse theft. Turpin may have followed his father's profession as a butcher early in life but by the early 1730s he had joined a gang of deer thieves and later became a poacher, burglar, horse thief and killer. He is also known for a fictional 200-mile (320 km) overnight ride from London to York on his horse Black Bess, a story that was made famous by the Victorian novelist William Harrison Ainsworth almost 100 years after Turpin's death. Turpin's involvement in the crime for which he is most closely associated—highway robbery—followed the arrest of the other members of his gang in 1735. He then disappeared from public view towards the end of that year, only to resurface in 1737 with two new accomplices, one of whom he may have accidentally shot and killed. Turpin fled from the scene and shortly afterwards killed a man who attempted his capture. Later that year he moved to Yorkshire and assumed the alias of John Palmer. While he was staying at a local inn magistrates became suspicious and made enquiries as to how he was funding his extravagant lifestyle. Suspected of being a horse thief, Turpin / "Palmer" was imprisoned in York Castle to await trial at the next assizes. Turpin's true identity was revealed by a letter he wrote to his brother-in-law from his prison cell which fell into the hands of the authorities. On 22nd March 1739 Turpin was found guilty on two charges of horse theft and sentenced to death. He was hanged at Knavesmire (located close to the present-day York racecourse and which was known locally as "The York Tyburn") on 7th April 1739. (Wikipedia. (edited)). Camera: Olympus AZ-1 (Low resolution). Processing: Nikon Capture NX2.