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JENNY LIND Johanna Maria Lind (6 October 1820 – 2 November 1887), Swedish Soprano Often known as the "Swedish Nightingale In 1838 she made her debut in Stockholm as Agathe in "Der Freischütz". Then they sang in Stockholm roles such as Pamina in "The Magic Flute", the Donna Anna in "Don Giovanni", the Giulia in "La vestale" of Spontini, the Norma by Bellini, Lucia di Lammermoor and the Euryanthe in the eponymous opera of Weber. Went to Paris and studied with Manuel Garcia jr. In 1844 she went to the Royal Court Opera, Berlin. and debuted as as Norma This was followed by triumphant guest performances in Hamburg, Cologne, Koblenz and Leipzig. One of her great creations was the Marie in Donizetti's "La fille du régiment " ". In 1847 she was engaged by the impresario Lumley at the Her Majesty's Theatre in London. She made her debut there as Alice in "Robert le Diable" by Meyerbeer and sang on 06/22/1847 in this house in the world premiere of Verdi's opera "I Masnadieri" she sang Alice in Meyerbeer's" Robert le Diable "Agathe in "Der Freischütz", in Meyerbeer's "Huguenots" , Concert tour through North America in the years 1850-52, After her retirement from the stage she appeared, apart from their concert tours, especially in the great English music festivals and similar celebrations in Germany. The last time she appeared in 1870 on the Lower Rhine Music Festival in Dusseldorf, where she recited the soprano solo in the oratorio "Ruth",

Probably as Carmen 'Carmen" by Bizet Jeanne Marie de L'Isle (Louise Jeanne Beugnion) 1872-1926 French Mezzo Soprano Studied with Jacquet,Debut as Rose in "Les Dragons de Villars" by Maillart at Versailles in 1896 . Opera comique debut as Mallika in "Lakme" by Delibes , Sang at the Opera Comique until 1911.Created Dorothea in "Cendrillon" by Massenet in 1899 , Camille in "Louise" by Charpentier 1900 , Madame Deitrich in "Marseillaise' by Lambert 1900 and Le Rein in "La Carmelitte" by Hahn 1902 , Sang roles of Mercedes,Carmen , Santuzza,Migno

Jeanne Marie de L'Isle (Louise Jeanne Beugnion) 1872-1926 French Mezzo Soprano Studied with Jacquet,Debut as Rose in "Les Dragons de Villars" by Maillart at Versailles in 1896 . Opera comique debut as Mallika in "Lakme" by Delibes , Sang at the Opera Comique until 1911.Created Dorothea in "Cendrillon" by Massenet in 1899 , Camille in "Louise" by Charpentier 1900 , Madame Deitrich in "Marseillaise' by Lambert 1900 and Le Rein in "La Carmelitte" by Hahn 1902 , Sang roles of Mercedes,Carmen , Santuzza,Mignon

ADELINA PATTI (19 February 1843 – 27 September 1919) Soprano Her voice was noticed very early and she nade her first tour in America at the age of seven years and was a huge success. Studied singing in New York under the direction of Maurice Strakosch, her brother-in-law, and in 1859 she sang in New York in Lucia di Lammermoor. At Covent Garden theatre in London in 1861 where she sang la Sonnambula, her reputation was strengthened and in 1862 she was singing in Paris at the Théâtre Italien, where she soon became the star. She remained at Paris until 1870, being heard in London during the summer season. In Paris she sang the Italian Repertory, in London the french Repertory. After a long stay in America and London, Patti returned several times to Paris at the Opera (debut in 1874) and the Théâtre de la Gaîté. Then she resumed travels and successfully created, in London, in 1882, the Charles Lenepveu's Velléda. She also created Dolores of André Pollonais in Nice on February 22, 1897. She triumphed especially in a vast Italian repertoire that suited to her beautiful light soprano voice. His career lasted for fifty-six years.

Georges Thill 1897-1984 French Tenor A pupil of the Neapolitan tenor Fernando De Lucia (1860–1925), Thill made his opera debut at the Paris Opéra in 1924, and he continued to appear there and at the Opéra-Comique for several decades, undertaking a busy schedule of performances. In addition, he sang throughout Europe and in South America, receiving the acclaim of audiences and critics at La Scala, Milan, the Rome Opera, the Verona Arena, the Vienna State Opera, the Teatro Colón, Buenos Aires, and the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, London. He also gave 14 performances, of seven roles, across two seasons (1931–1932), at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City; but he had difficulty fitting in with the unfamiliar American cultural environment, experiencing health difficulties, and he was less well received by the Met's patrons as a consequence. His voice began to show signs of decline during the 1940s and he retired from the stage in 1953. He died in 1984 in Draguignan.

Marie Gutheil-Schoder 1874-1935 German Soprano he debuted in the secondary role of the First Lady at the Weimar Court Opera in The Magic Flute in her native city of Weimar in 1891. Gustav Mahler engaged her for the Vienna State Opera in 1900, where she remained until 1926. She appeared at the Royal Opera House as Octavian in Der Rosenkavalier in 1913. One of her famous roles was her portrayal of a "strange, Nietzschean" Carmen. She was seen in the 1914 Vienna premiere of Richard Strauss's ballet, Josephslegende as Potiphar's Wife. She created Esmeralda in the world premiere of Franz Schmidt's opera Notre Dame in the same year. Gutheil-Schoder created the fiercely difficult single role of Arnold Schoenberg's monodrama Erwartung in 1924 in Prague; earlier that year, she performed his Pierrot lunaire. Mahler termed her "a musical genius," and she was highly regarded as a musician and singing-actress, although she seemed to be, as one Viennese critic wrote, "the singer without a voice." In her later career, she became a stage director of opera.

Pavel Zakorovich Andreev 1874- Russian Bass-Baritone Graduated in 1903 St. Petersburg Conservatory, where he had studied in the singing class of S. Gabel’. In this same year he made his debut on the opera stage. Beginning in 1909 .He sang at the Mariinskii Theater His roles included Ruslan in “ Ruslan and Luidmilla” by Glinka ,Prince Igor in “ Prince Igor” by Borodin, Boris Godunov in “ Boris Godunov” by Mussorgsky,Demon in “The Demon” by Rubinstein ,Holofernes in “ Judith” by Serov , Petr in “ Enemy Force” by Serov , Mizgar in “ The Snow Maiden” by Rimsky-Korsakov , Tomskii in “The Queen of Spades’ by Tchaikovsky ,Escamillo in “ Carmen” by Bizet , and Peter in “The Tsar and the Carpenter” by Lortzing . He also appeared in concert recitals, performing operatic arias, art songs, and Russian folk songs. From 1919 he engaged in teaching, and, beginning in 1926, was a professor at Leningrad Conservatory. Andreev was awarded the Order of Lenin.

Sofia Druzyakina 1880-1953 Russian Soprano She studied singing privately in Kiev music school Tutkovsky Nicholas (Class AA-Santahano Gorchakov ). Vokalalnu and in Milan,with Cesare Rossi , She made her debut in 1900 at the Odessa Opera House .1901-1902 - the soloist of the Kiev Opera .1903-1904 - soloist of Kharkiv Opera . 1906-1907 - soloist M. Maksakova Society.1907-1908 - the soloist of the Bolshoi Theater , 1910-1916 - soloist S. Zimin Opera Theater in Moscow. 1916-1917 - works at the Odessa Opera House.1917-1924 - Theater soloist of the Moscow Council of Workers' Deputies. Toured in Italy and France . Successful in roles such as Tosca and Tatyana (Eugene Onegin). . She later became a singing Teacher, professor at the Moscow Conservatory

as Elizabeth in "Tannhauser" by Wagner Annie Krull 1876-1947 German Soprano Studied in Berlin with Hertha Brämer, and made her stage debut in 1898 at the Plauen Stadttheater as Agathe in Der Freischütz. From 1900 to 1912, she sang at the Dresden State Opera, where in 1901 she created the title role in Paderewski's Manru and Diemut in Richard Strauss' early opera Feuersnot. Strauss, who had admired her dramatic qualities, then chose her to be the first Elektra. A year after its premiere in Dresden on 25 January 1909, she repeated the role at London's Royal Opera House. It was the first time a Strauss opera was performed in Britain. Krull sang regularly in several other German opera houses (Mannheim, Weimar, Leipzig, Cologne, Karlsruhe and Schwerin) as well as appearing in Brno (1905) and Prague (1907). Amongst the other roles she sang were Leonore in Fidelio, Senta in The Flying Dutchman, Elsa in Lohengrin, Elisabeth in Tannhäuser, Sieglinde in Die Walküre, Isolde in Tristan und Isolde, Margiana in Der Barbier von Bagdad, Marta in Tiefland, and Valentine in Les Huguenot

Fanny Heldy 1888-1973 French Soprano She graduated from the Liège Conservatoire. Heldy made her professional debut as a substitute in the premiere of Ivan the Terrible, by Raoul Gunsbourg (at the La Monnaie, 26 November 1910). Between 1914 and 1918 she sang a number of major roles at Opéra de Monte-Carlo, making her first Paris appearance at the Opéra-Comique in 1917 as Violetta in La traviata. She portrayed Juliette in Charles Gounod's Roméo et Juliette at the Paris Opéra in 1920.

As Werther in "Werther" by Massenet Fiorello Giraud 1870-1928 Italian Tenor Studied singing with Barbacini at the Parma Conservatory. He made his Debut in December 1891 at the Teatro Civico in Vercelli as Lohengrin. The following year he sang Canio in the world premiere of Pagliacci at the Teatro Dal Verme in Milan, Sang Wagnerian roles such as Tristan in Tristan und Isolde, Walther in Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg, and Siegfried in the first performance of Götterdämmerung at La Scala. After he retired from the stage, he taught singing in Parma where he died in 1928 at the age of 57.

as Salome in "Salome" by Strauss Annie Krull 1876-1947 German Soprano Studied in Berlin with Hertha Brämer, and made her stage debut in 1898 at the Plauen Stadttheater as Agathe in Der Freischütz. From 1900 to 1912, she sang at the Dresden State Opera, where in 1901 she created the title role in Paderewski's Manru and Diemut in Richard Strauss' early opera Feuersnot. Strauss, who had admired her dramatic qualities, then chose her to be the first Elektra. A year after its premiere in Dresden on 25 January 1909, she repeated the role at London's Royal Opera House. It was the first time a Strauss opera was performed in Britain. Krull sang regularly in several other German opera houses (Mannheim, Weimar, Leipzig, Cologne, Karlsruhe and Schwerin) as well as appearing in Brno (1905) and Prague (1907). Amongst the other roles she sang were Leonore in Fidelio, Senta in The Flying Dutchman, Elsa in Lohengrin, Elisabeth in Tannhäuser, Sieglinde in Die Walküre, Isolde in Tristan und Isolde, Margiana in Der Barbier von Bagdad, Marta in Tiefland, and Valentine in Les Huguenot

as Mime in "Siegfried" by Wagner Paul Kuhn 1874-1966 German Tenor He studied singing in Breslau and performed at important opera houses and festivals in Germany and Austria like the Bavarian State Opera, the Bayreuth Festival, the Darmstadt Opera, and the Salzburg Festival. He notably portrayed the role of Mateo in the world premiere of Erich Wolfgang Korngold's Violanta at the National Theatre Munich in 1916. In 1917, he created the role of Bernardo Novagerio in the premiere of Hans Pfitzner's Palestrina at the Prinzregententheater. In 1933, he and his wife, Charlotte Kuhn-Brunner, moved to the United States for political reasons

Ivan Altchevsky 1876-1917 Russian Tenor Began Studies with his brother and then with Plecek, he went to Paris for further study with Felia Litvinne.Debut at the Marinsky ,He sang at Monnaie Brussels, London covent garden, Manhattan, Paris and Monte Carlo

Jeanne Marcy 1865-???? Belguim Soprano Debut 1896 at Opera Comique as Donna Anna "Don Juan" . Created the role of Crobyle in "Thais" at the Opéra de Paris 16 March 1894 . Other roles included : Frie , Woglinde , Helmwige in "The Ring Cycle" Wagner

NIKOLAJ SEVERESKY ( 1875-1941) Russian Baritone Was an exiled Russian - French opera singer ( baritone ) and actor , including playing Tsar Peter the Great in the Swedish film Karl XII and Charles XII, Part II .

as Kundry in "Parsifal" by Wagner Melanie Kurt 1881-1941 Austrian Soprano Studied with Marie Lehmann in Berlin.Debut in Lubeck 1902 as Elizabeth in "Tannhauser" by Wagner .She sang in Leipzig , Berlin. London,Salzburg,Milan, Vienna ,Dresden and New york.Gradually retired from stage in 193 and taught singing in Berlin.In 1938 she fled to New York where she remained

Lola Beeth 1860-1941 Austrian Soprano She debuted as "Elsa" in Lohengrin at the Metropolitan Opera House, on December 2, 1895. She was a member of the Vienna Opera Company who had previous experience singing in Berlin and Paris. As early as the summer of 1892 Beeth appeared at the Vienna Court Opera as Juliet in a production of Gounod' Roméo et Juliette. Her New York City performance was hampered by nervousness and having never sung the role in the Italian.Beeth sang an aria from La Juive (The Jewess) at the Metropolitan Opera House on January 11, 1896. Beeth was named as a favorite pupil by Mathilde Marchesi, who tutored her in singing in Paris. After the release of her book, Marchesi and Music, Marchesi planned to visit the United States, but her intended tour was canceled.